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141.
Yuri Sekimoto Tomoki Okiharu Haruka Nakajima Toshihiro Fujii Koji Shirai Hiroshi Moriwaki 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(9):6531-6538
The aim of this study is to investigate the use of keratin colloidal solution, which was obtained from wool, for the removal of Pb(II) from water. The addition of keratin colloidal solution (15 g L?1, 0.30 mL) to a Pb(II) solution (1.0 mM, 0.90 mL, pH 5.0) resulted in the formation and precipitation of a Pb–keratin aggregate. Measurement of the Pb(II) and protein concentrations in the supernatant solution revealed that 88 and 99 % of the Pb(II) and keratin protein were removed from the solution, respectively. The maximum Pb(II) uptake capacity of keratin in the colloidal solution was 43.3 mg g?1. In addition, the Pb–keratin aggregate was easily decomposed via the addition of nitric acid, which enabled the recovery of Pb(II). However, aggregation did not occur in solutions with Pb(II) concentrations below 0.10 mM. Therefore, we used a keratin colloidal solution encapsulated in a dialysis cellulose tube to remove Pb(II) from 0.10 mM solutions, which enabled the removal of 95 % of the Pb(II). From these results, we conclude that keratin colloidal solution is useful for the treatment of water polluted with Pb(II). 相似文献
142.
Arsenic accumulation in duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza L.): a good option for phytoremediation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Some unavoidable drawbacks of traditional technologies have made phytoremediation a promising alternative for removal of arsenic from contaminated soil and water. In the present study, the potential of an aquatic macrophyte Spirodela polyrhiza L. for phytofiltration of arsenic, and the mechanism of the arsenic uptake were investigated. The S. polyrhiza L. were grown in three test concentrations of arsenate and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) (i.e. 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0microM) with 0 (control), 100 or 500microM of phosphate. One control treatment was also set for each test concentrations of arsenic. The PO(4)(3-) concentration in control treatment was 0.02microM. When S. polyrhiza L. was cultivated hydroponically for 6d in culture solution containing 0.02microM phosphate and 4.0microM arsenate or DMAA, the arsenic uptake was 0.353+/-0.003micromolg(-1) and 7.65+/-0.27nmolg(-1), respectively. Arsenic uptake into S. polyrhiza L. was negatively (p<0.05) correlated with phosphate uptake when arsenate was applied to the culture solutions owing to similar in the sorption mechanism between AsO(4)(3-) and PO(4)(3-), and positively (p<0.05) correlated with iron uptake due to adsorption of AsO(4)(3-) onto iron oxides. Thus, the S. polyrhiza L. accumulates arsenic by physico-chemical adsorption and via the phosphate uptake pathway when arsenate was added to the solutions. These results indicate that S. polyrhiza L. would be a good arsenic phytofiltrator. In contrast, DMAA accumulation into S. polyrhiza L. was neither affected by the phosphate concentration in the culture nor correlated (p>0.05) with iron accumulation in plant tissues, which indicates that S. polyrhiza L. uses different mechanisms for DMAA uptake. 相似文献
143.
Effect of carbon tetrachloride on sonochemical decomposition of methyl orange in water 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Two types of sonicators were used for the sonochemical decomposition of methyl orange (MO) in the presence and absence of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4): One is a 45kHz ultrasonic cleaning bath (a low intensity sonicator) and the other is a 200kHz ultrasonic reactor (a high intensity sonicator). It was clearly confirmed that the rates of the sonochemical decomposition of MO increased with increasing the concentration of CCl4 in both sonicators. The enhancement effect of CCl4 was much higher in the high intensity sonicator than in the low intensity one: by the addition of 100ppm of CCl4, the decomposition ratio of MO with the high intensity sonicator became 41 times larger, while that with the low intensity sonicator became 4.8 times larger. Based on the obtained results, it was suggested that the formed cavitation phenomenon was different between sonicators. It was also suggested that the sonochemical decomposition of MO in the presence of CCl4 would be useful to evaluate the sonochemical efficiency, because the rate of MO decomposition can be effectively enhanced by the sonolysis of CCl4. 相似文献
144.
Satoshi Saitoh Albrecht Melber Hiroshi Ohbayashi Satoshi Nakai Masakuni Matsuoka Masaaki Hosomi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(1):71-78
We discuss the use of the Schmidt graphical method to calculate the time required to heat a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated
capacitor in the vacuum thermal recycling process to the processing temperature of 400°C, and we evaluate the results of the
heating time calculation by comparing the calculated values with the corresponding experimental values. The thermal conductivity
and specific heat of the insulating paper and the carbonized paper in the capacitor were unknown, so we determined their values
from experimental data obtained during the vacuum thermal recycling process. The capacitor element is a multilamination of
aluminum foil and insulating paper, so we used an equation for a multilayer plane wall to calculate the value of the thermal
conductivity. For the thermal conductivity and specific heat of the insulating paper impregnated with PCBs, we used values
calculated from the mass ratios and thermal conductivities and specific heats of the individual materials. In addition, the
physical properties vary according to the treatment because of the evaporation of PCBs and the carbonization of the insulating
paper, so we modified the values of the thermal conductivity, specific heat, and density at the boiling point of the PCB and
the carbonization point of the insulating paper before performing the calculations. Our calculated heating times were almost
the same as, or were above, the experimental values, so we concluded that our method can be used as a simple calculation of
the heating time. 相似文献
145.
Recent detection of fluoxetine in the aquatic environment and fish suggests a possibly high accumulation of fluoxetine; however, no report is available on the bioaccumulation of fluoxetine in aquatic organisms. Since bioaccumulation of fluoxetine was probably dependent on pH near the pK(a) value of 10.1, experiments were conducted approximately at pH 7, 8, and 9. Distribution coefficients between 1-octanol and water (D(ow)), and those between synthetic membrane vesicles (liposomes) and water (D(lip-wat)) were determined at pH 7, 8, and 9. The D(ow) and D(lip-wat) values increased significantly with increasing pH. Acute toxicity tests were performed using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) prior to the bioaccumulation test, and 96-h LC(50) values were 5.5, 1.3, and 0.20mgl(-1) at pH 7, 8, and 9, respectively. In the bioaccumulation test, concentrations of fluoxetine and its major metabolite, norfluoxetine, in the fish body and liver were measured. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) of fluoxetine for Japanese medaka were 8.8, 3.0x10, and 2.6x10(2) in the body and 3.3x10(2), 5.8x10(2), and 3.1x10(3) in the liver at pH 7, 8, and 9, respectively. The BCF values were lower at pH 7 and higher at pH 9 mainly because of the increase in nonionized species with significantly higher hydrophobicity than the ionized species at pH values closer to pK(a). A similar trend was obtained for the concentration of norfluoxetine in the fish but the pseudo-BCF values (the ratio of the norfluoxetine concentration in the fish and the fluoxetine concentration in test water) were higher than the BCF value of fluoxetine at all pH conditions. 相似文献
146.
Chris Fook Sheng Ng Kayo Ueda Hiroshi Nitta Ayano Takeuchi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(10):8767-8776
We conducted a multicity time-series study using monitoring data to assess seasonal patterns of short-term ozone–mortality association among elderly aged 65 years and over in Japan. Daily exposure to ambient ozone was computed using hourly measurements of photochemical oxidants available at multiple monitoring stations in each city. Effects of ozone on daily all-cause non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality were estimated using distributed lag linear models, controlling for confounding by temporal, day of the week, temperature, and flu epidemics. City-level effect estimates were combined using inverse variance meta-analysis. In spring and autumn, a 10-ppbv increase of daily maximum 8-h average ozone concentration in the previous 3 days was associated with 0.69 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.27–1.10), 1.07 % (0.34–1.82), and 1.77 % (0.78–2.77) increases in daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively. Forward displacement of respiratory mortality was large during the cold season despite lower ozone concentration. Results were generally independent of fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide. Findings suggest significant mortality effects of short-term ozone exposure among the elderly during the moderate season. Those with underlying respiratory diseases were susceptible, even during winter. 相似文献
147.
Biological aerosol particles are recently gaining increased attention, but global estimates of their emissions are unclear. Traditional organic tracers for biological particles have not been able to capture the diversity of biological sources such as residential wood burning. Here, we have analyzed protein content in air particulate matter over a year in a suburban area near Shibuya, in order to identify contributions from biological sources. Aerosols were separated into five size fractions using a high-volume cascade impactor. Amino acid profiles were obtained from acid hydrolysates by high-performance liquid chromatography and were subsequently used in a receptor model for source apportionment. Results show that protein content ranged from 0.5 to 2 % throughout the year in all size fractions. We observed contributions from seasonally variable emission sources such as pollen and fallen leaves in coarse particles, larger than 7 µm, at elevated concentrations during spring and winter. We also found contributions from pollen and fallen leaves in the smallest size fraction, lower than 1.1 µm, after spring. This finding indicates that sources are broken up to smaller particles in the urban environment. Overall, our findings demonstrate that protein content can be used as marker for biological aerosol particles, and that protein amino acid composition can distinguish multiple sources. 相似文献
148.
Kumagai Shogo Hirahashi Suguru Grause Guido Kameda Tomohito Toyoda Hiroshi Yoshioka Toshiaki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(1):439-449
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) woven fibers are one of the hardest-to-recycle polymeric materials. Herein we... 相似文献
149.
Fenta Ayele Almaw Yasuda Hiroshi Shimizu Katsuyuki Haregeweyn Nigussie 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(4):1229-1240
Regional Environmental Change - Climate variability and human activities are two major drivers influencing changes in streamflow response of a watershed, and thus assessing their relative effect is... 相似文献
150.
Sonoko Dorothea Bellingrath-Kimura Ayaka Wenhong Kishimoto-Mo Noriko Oura Seiko Sekikawa Seichiro Yonemura Shigeto Sudo Atsushi Hayakawa Kazunori Minamikawa Yusuke Takata Hiroshi Hara 《Ambio》2015,44(1):55-66
The spatial variability of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from forest soil with high nitrogen (N) deposition was investigated at a rolling hill region in Japan. Gas fluxes were measured on July 25th and December 5th, 2008 at 100 points within a 100 × 100 m grid. Slope direction and position influenced soil characteristics and site-specific emissions were found. The CO2 flux showed no topological difference in July, but was significantly lower in December for north-slope with coniferous trees. Spatial dependency of CH4 fluxes was stronger than that of CO2 or N2O and showed a significantly higher uptake in hill top, and emissions in the valley indicating strong influence of water status. N2O fluxes showed no spatial dependency and exhibited high hot spots at different topology in July and December. The high N deposition led to high N2O fluxes and emphasized the spatial variability. 相似文献