智能管道时代的管道风险评价技术展望

当前管道风险评价工作普遍使用半定量方法,通过对该方法的应用现状进行总结分析,得出目前半定量风险评价方法存在的问题,包括录入数据准确性不足、评价结果准确性不高,时效性不强等。通过分析物联网、智能移动终端、云技术、大数据等技术开始在管道的应用前景,展望了智能管道时代管道风险评价发展方向:实现管道风险评价实时动态评价,提高风险评价结果的准确性,实现风险的预测预警等,为未来管道风险评价技术发展提供研究思路。     

微波诱导鳞片石墨-H2O2催化氧化处理甲基紫废水

研究微波诱导鳞片石墨-H2O2催化氧化处理甲基紫废水工艺，探讨各种因素的协同作用及对废水脱色效果的影响，并采用SEM、EDX、XRD和FTIR对新鲜及使用6次后的鳞片石墨进行表征。结果表明，微波诱导鳞片石墨-H2O2能高效快速降解废水中的甲基紫；在50mL初始pH为3，质量浓度为10mg／L的甲基紫废水中，H2O2用量1mL／L，鳞片石墨3g／L，微波输出功率259W，微波辐射时间9min的最佳处理工艺条件下，甲基紫脱色率达到了98．80％；微波、鳞片石墨、H2O2体系对甲基紫废水降解效果明显，产生协同效应。紫外-可见光谱分析表明，废水中甲基紫结构被破坏，但仍含有少量苯环等小分子。动力学研究表明，脱色反应符合一级反应动力学规律，反应速率常数^为0．42613min^-1，反应半衰期t。为1．626min。     

ESA／AMPS共聚物与磁场的协同阻垢作用

采用静态阻垢试验方法研究了磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物共同作用时的协同阻垢性能。结果表明，磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物对碳酸钙和磷酸钙有协同阻垢作用，当磁化水流量为120L／h、磁场强度为0．7T、磁化时间为40min、ESA／AMPS共聚物用量为3mg／L时，ESA／AMPS共聚物与磁场对CaCO3的协同阻垢率比单独使用ESA／AMPS共聚物时提高了12％；在其他条件不变，而ESA／AMPS共聚物用量为14mg／L时，磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物对Ca3（PO4）2的协同阻垢率比单独使用ESA／AMPS共聚物时提高42．4％。利用扫描电镜（SEM）和x-射线衍射仪（XRD）对CaCO，垢样进行了观察，发现ESA／AMPS共聚物对垢样晶型产生扭曲作用，而磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物协同作用时的垢样晶型没有太大改变。     

餐厨垃圾中典型组分的裂解液化特征研究

利用实验室规模的实验装置管式加热炉进行餐厨垃圾热解实验,实验分析了反应温度对餐厨垃圾热解产物分布的影响,米饭、白菜、猪肉、塑料和纸5种原料在最佳温度下可实现热解油质量产率的最大化,分别为45.02%、24.55%、61.19%、73.77%和24.86%。其中,米饭和白菜热解油含水率较高,可达到30%~40%,将含水率降到15%后,测定热值分别为25.51 MJ/kg和17.75 MJ/kg。塑料和纸混合热解时,塑料热解过程的放热效应可缩小纸的热解温度区间,增加热解油产量。红外光谱分析厨余热解油包含多种含氧有机物。通过气质联用仪(GC-MS)分析塑料热解油和塑料与纸混合热解油在180℃以下蒸馏出的液相产物,主要组分为烷烃和烯烃,从成分和热值分析,与汽油、柴油相近。     

Occurrence of free estrogens,conjugated estrogens,and bisphenol A in fresh livestock excreta and their removal by composting in North China

An efficient pretreatment and analytical method was developed to investigate the occurrence and fate of four free estrogens (estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)), four conjugated estrogens (estrone-3-sulfate sodium salt (E1-3S), 17β-estradiol-3-sulfate sodium salt (E2-3S), estrone-3-glucuronide sodium salt (E1-3G), and 17β-estradiol-3-glucuronide sodium salt (E2-3G)), and bisphenol A (BPA) in three livestock farms raising beef cattle, cows, sheep, swine, and chickens in Qi County, which is located in North China. The results demonstrated that one cow and one beef cattle excreted 956.25–1,270.41 and 244.38–319.99 μg/day of total (free and conjugated) estrogen, respectively, primarily through feces (greater than 91 %), while swine excreted 260.09–289.99 μg/day of estrogens, primarily through urine (98–99 %). The total estrogen excreted in sheep and broiler chicken feces was calculated to be 21.64–28.67 and 4.62–5.40 μg/day, respectively. It was determined that conjugated estrogens contributed to 21.1–21.9 % of the total estrogen excreted in cow feces and more than 98 % of the total estrogen excreted in swine urine. After composting, the concentration of total estrogen decreased by 18.7–59.6 %; however, increased levels of BPA were measured. In treated compost samples, estrogens were detected at concentrations up to 74.0 ng/g, which indicates a potential risk of estrogens entering the surrounding environment.     

沉淀硫酸钡工业清洁生产及污染防治研究

沉淀硫酸钡项目属于基础无机盐化工类项目,由重晶石矿经过煅烧还原、化合、固液分离、干燥、粉磨等工序得到沉淀硫酸钡产品,生产过程中排放出大量的污染物,包括废气、废水、固体废物、噪声等.在总结该类项目的环保实践经验的基础上,分析了硫酸钡工业的各种污染物的产生情况,并提出了清洁生产及污染防治对策.     

石人嶂钨矿莲花山山体开裂安全分析

分析了石人嶂钨矿莲花山山体开裂的原因,给出了依据岩体质量指标确定岩体强度参数的方法,计算分析了开裂山体的抗滑安全系数,根据实际情况提出了安全对策措施,为治理山体崩塌隐患提供了依据.     

Evaluating the impact of criminalizing drunk driving on years of life lost due to road traffic deaths in one megacity,China

Objective: Road safety is an important public health issue worldwide. However, few studies have analyzed the association between criminalizing drunk driving and years of life lost (YLL) due to road traffic deaths (RTDs). Our study can provide useful information about this policy.

Methods: We used interrupted time-series analysis to find the changes in monthly YLL and RTD before and after law enforcement began using RTD data from 2008 to 2014 in Tianjin.

Results: After adjustment for seasonality, months, holidays, and the number of people in each district, criminalizing drunk driving was followed by a 11.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–21.1%) reduction in risk of RTDs and a corresponding 778.1-year (95% CI, 200–1,355.1) reduction in monthly YLL. The reduction in YLL was especially significant among males, those aged 16–64 years old, and suburban residents.

Conclusions: This study highlights that the law can lead to a reduction in YLL due to RTDs in Tianjin, China. Large immediate public health benefits resulted from the new road traffic law in China. YLL provides a complementary measure for examining the effect of criminalization on drunk driving RTDs.     

Dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in fine particulate matter aerosols in Huangshi,central China

PM_2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) samples were collected in Huangshi, central China, from March 2012 to February 2013 and were analyzed for dicarboxylic acids (diacids) and related compounds (DARCs). Oxalic acid (C₂; 416 ng m^?3) was the most abundant species, followed by phthalic (Ph; 122 ng m^?3), terephthalic (tPh; 116 ng m^?3), succinic (C₄; 70.4 ng m^?3), azelaic (C₉; 67.9 ng m^?3), and adipic (C₆; 57.8 ng m^?3) acids. Relatively high abundances of Ph and tPh differed from the distribution in urban and marine aerosols, indicating contributions from nearby anthropogenic sources. Glyoxylic acid (ωC₂; 41.4 ng m^?3) was the dominant oxoacid, followed by 9-oxononanoic (ωC₉; 40.8 ng m^?3) and pyruvic (Pyr; 24.1 ng m^?3) acids. Glyoxal (Gly; 35.5 ng m^?3) was the dominant α-dicarbonyl. Highest average concentrations were found for C₂, ωC₂, and C₉ in autumn, for C₄, for Pyr and C₆ in spring, for Ph, ωC₉, and Gly in summer, whereas the lowest values were observed in winter. Seasonal variations and correlation coefficients of DARCs demonstrate that both primary emissions and secondary production are important sources. Principal component analysis of selected DARCs species suggests that a mixing of air masses from anthropogenic and biogenic sources contribute to the Huangshi aerosols.

Implications: Both primary emissions and secondary production are important sources of diacids and related compounds in PM_2.5 from Huangshi, central China. Principal component analysis of selected diacids in Huangshi aerosols suggests that mixing of air masses from anthropogenic and biogenic sources contribute to ambient aerosols in central China.     

Decomplexation of Cr(III)-EDTA and simultaneous abatement of total Cr by photo-oxidation: efficiency and in situ reduction of intermediate Cr(VI)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Most prevailing processes are incapable of removing Cr(III)-organic complexes efficiently and facing the problem of in-process formation of highly...