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71.
Miguel G. Matias 《Marine Biology》2013,160(3):493-502
Investigating the context that surrounds each habitat is crucial to understand local responses of assemblages of species to habitats. Here, I tested whether responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to the structural complexity of experimental habitats were mediated by the characteristics of their surrounding habitats (i.e. rockpools or emergent-rock surfaces). Each type of surrounding habitat provided particular biotic (e.g. algal growth) and abiotic (e.g. temperature, water movement) conditions that were expected to affect benthic assemblages. The results show that (1) composition of entire assemblages was affected by the matrix and type of habitat; (2) effects of the matrix on the number of species varied depending on the different types of habitats; (3) abundant species showed specific responses to type of habitat, independently of the matrix; and (4) relationships between numbers of species and two major environmental variables (i.e. micro-algal biomass and sediment) varied depending on the type of habitats and the surrounding matrix. Generally, these findings demonstrate that understanding the consequences of the spatial structure of these habitats is essential to advance our knowledge on patterns of abundance and distributions of functionally important species and ultimately the structure of intertidal assemblages. 相似文献
72.
Miguel Costa Leal Patricia N. Pochelon Teresa Lopes da Silva Alberto Reis Rui Rosa Ricardo Calado 《Marine Biology》2013,160(4):763-772
Offspring quality of decapod crustaceans has been widely studied, with special emphasis on the sources of variability determining embryonic and larval quality. Nevertheless, maternal provisioning has commonly been overlooked as a potential source of offspring within-brood variability. In the present study, the existence of variable maternal provisioning was assessed through the analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profile of newly extruded embryos from different regions of the brooding chamber of Homarus gammarus. Significant differences in the FA profile of embryos sampled from different pleopods and sides of the brooding chamber were recorded. Significant deviations of the overall mean of each surveyed female were also observed for essential FA, particularly 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Lipid energy available to fuel embryogenesis also varied among embryos sampled from different regions of the brooding chamber. Results suggest variable female investment at oocyte production, which may be amplified during the incubation period of developing embryos by differential lipid catabolism. For the first time, maternal provisioning is evidenced as an additional source for within-brood variability in the FA profile of embryos. 相似文献
73.
Ivan Viegas Sónia Cotrim Marques Filipa Bessa Ana Lígia Primo Filipe Martinho Ulisses Miranda Azeiteiro Miguel ?ngelo Pardal 《Marine Biology》2012,159(1):33-43
This study provides a comprehensive examination of the life cycle dynamics of the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon L.) in the Mondego estuary, Portugal, a habitat located near the southern edge of the range of this species in European waters.
The phenology of all life stages was documented (from the occurrence of ovigerous females, developing embryos, planktonic
larvae and benthic post-larvae), and migration patterns of larvae into and out of the estuary were examined. Temperature-dependent
functions of egg and larval development were combined with data on field abundance to predict the timing and magnitude of
occurrence of larvae and recruits. Compared to brown shrimp at higher latitudes, southern conspecifics grow slower, mature
earlier and have smaller brood sizes, and larvae have a more protracted settlement period. The Mondego estuary, besides acting
as nursery area, is a dynamic platform for C. crangon to use in different stages, sizes and seasons. 相似文献
74.
Serena Caplins Miguel Angel Penna-Diaz Erick Godoy Nelson Valdivia J. M. Turbeville Martin Thiel 《Marine Biology》2012,159(6):1363-1374
Understanding the impact of environmental stressors on predator activity is a prerequisite to understanding the underlying
mechanisms shaping community structure. The nemertean Prosorhochmus nelsoni is a common predator in the mid-intertidal zone on rocky shores along the Chilean coast, where it can reach very high abundances
(up to 260 ind m−2) in algal turfs, algal crusts, barnacle crusts, and mixed substrata. Tidal and diurnal scans revealed that the activity of
P. nelsoni is primarily restricted to night and early-morning low tides and is relatively low when air temperatures are high. On average,
larger worms crawled faster than smaller worms, with their maximum velocity being influenced by substratum type. Their estimated
rate of predation is 0.092 prey items nemertean−1 day−1, just below the laboratory rate of ~0.2 amphipods nemertean−1 day−1 previously estimated for this species. P. nelsoni consumes a diverse spectrum of prey items (i.e., amphipods, isopods, decapods, barnacles, and dipterans) and is possibly
exerting a significant influence on its prey populations. We suggest that the opportunistic predatory behavior of this intertidal
predator is caused by the trade-off between immediate persistence (e.g., avoidance of desiccation) and long-term survival
through successful foraging. 相似文献
75.
Traditionally it has been assumed by ecologists that the dispersion of positions with respect to leks of female capercaillies
during the mating season is superior to the dispersion of positions of male capercaillies. However some recently published
articles suggest the idea that dispersion is not sex-biased, but both sexes show a similar dispersion. This article introduces
a mathematical model to approach the study of the above question by means of an indexed dispersion criterion. This model is
developed in detail thus deriving its main mathematical properties. On this basis, the model is applied to the analysis of
the motivating problem with real data of positions of leks and female and male capercaillies. The results derived by means
of the model put into doubt the traditional assumption of a superior dispersion of females supporting the new theories, that
is, both sexes show a similar dispersion. 相似文献
76.
Aldas Miguel Pavon Cristina De La Rosa-Ramírez Harrison Ferri José Miguel Bertomeu David Samper María Dolores López-Martínez Juan 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(8):2686-2700
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Since biodegradable materials are unwittingly mixed with synthetic materials, this work aimed to study the feasibility of reliably identifying some... 相似文献
77.
Three different systems of designating protected areas in a Mediterranean region in southeastern Spain were studied, referring
to their effectiveness and efficiency for protecting both the breeding territories and the suitable habitat of a set of ten
raptor species. Taking into consideration the varying degrees of endangerment of these species, a map of multispecies conservation
values was also drawn up and superimposed on the three protected-area systems studied. In order to compare the levels of protection
afforded by the three systems, we considered two indices that measured their relative effectiveness and efficiency. The effectiveness
estimated the proportion of territories or optimal habitat protected by the networks while efficiency implicitly considered
the area of each system (percentage of breeding territories or optimal habitat protected per 1% of land protected). Overall,
our results showed that the most efficient system was that formed by the set of regional parks and reserves (17 protected
breeding territories per 100 km2), although, given its small total area, it was by far the least effective (only protecting the 21% of the breeding territories
of all species and 17% of the area of high conservation value). The systems formed by the Special Protection Areas (designated
under the EU “Birds Directive”) and by the Special Conservation Areas (designated under the EU “Habitats Directive”) notably
increased the percentages of protected territories of all species (61%) and area of high conservation value (57%), but their
efficiency was not as high as expected in most cases. The overall level of protection was high for all species except for
the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni), an endangered falcon that inhabits pseudo-steppe and traditional agricultural habitats, which are clearly underrepresented
in the protected-area network of the study region. 相似文献
78.
A review of the distribution of particulate trace elements in urban terrestrial environments and its application to considerations of risk 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
We review the evolution, state of the art and future lines of research on the sources, transport pathways, and sinks of particulate
trace elements in urban terrestrial environments to include the atmosphere, soils, and street and indoor dusts. Such studies
reveal reductions in the emissions of some elements of historical concern such as Pb, with interest consequently focusing
on other toxic trace elements such as As, Cd, Hg, Zn, and Cu. While establishment of levels of these elements is important
in assessing the potential impacts of human society on the urban environment, it is also necessary to apply this knowledge
in conjunction with information on the toxicity of those trace elements and the degree of exposure of human receptors to an
assessment of whether such contamination represents a real risk to the city’s inhabitants and therefore how this risk can
be addressed. 相似文献
79.
Maria Clara P. Amorim José Miguel Simões Vitor C. Almada Paulo J. Fonseca 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(4):707-716
Signal attributes should show different degrees of variability depending on the information to be conveyed. Species identity
is usually associated with stereotyped features of a signal, whereas other types of information such as individual quality
and motivation are associated with signal plasticity. Lusitanian toadfish males form aggregations during the breeding season
and emit a tonal advertisement call (the boatwhistle) to attract mates to their nests. We test the hypothesis that the boatwhistle
can convey information both on individual identity and motivation by checking how signal parameters vary with time. We study
how the physical (tide level) and social (calling alone or in a chorus) environments and male calling rate affect this advertisement
signal and how all these external and internal factors (environment, social and male motivation) blend to modulate the Lusitanian
toadfish’s advertisement call. Boatwhistles of each male were very stereotyped in short periods of time (minutes), but intra-male
signal variability greatly increased in a longer time scale (days). Nevertheless, significant differences among males could
still be found even in a long time scale. Pulse period was the acoustic feature that most contributed to discriminate among
males. Tide level and male calling rate modulated boatwhistle characteristics, and there was a differential effect of tide
on call attributes depending on male calling rate. Social acoustic environment only affected calling rate. These results suggest
that inter-individual differences in call characteristics and call plasticity may mediate both male–male assessment and mate
choice. 相似文献
80.
Santos MJ Sousa JP Tiago I Veríssimo A Lemos MF 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(8):2102-2104
Changes in saprophytic organism's gut microbial communities may present a threat to organic matter breakdown which can ultimately lead to soil function impairment. In this study, Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) was evaluated as a potential simple molecular tool to assess shifts in bacterial community structure in hindgut populations of Porcellio dilatatus exposed to contaminated food. This prospective tool can also be used for a variety of purposes and samples prior to the use of more specific and sophisticated methods. 相似文献