废旧光盘的热解实验研究及其回收利用

为了探索光盘的热解试验,利用TG/DTG和DSC技术对废旧光盘的热解特性和热值进行试验研究。由废弃光盘得出的曲线与PC曲线相似,说明光盘的主成分为聚碳酸酯,聚碳酸酯的着火点低、燃尽温度高、燃烧热值高。废旧光盘中含有聚碳酸酯,可以将其作为钢铁冶金或者火力发电等高能耗生产中的固体燃料。这样既减少废旧光盘造成的固体污染,也使资源得到充分利用。由实验获得废旧光盘的热分解开始温度为460℃终止温度870℃,热值达到-19 258 J/g。     

High spatial and seasonal heterogeneity of pCO2 and CO2 emissions in a karst groundwater-stream continuum,southern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Accurate quantification of the emission of CO2 from streams and rivers is one of the primary challenges in determining the global carbon budget...     

青霉素菌渣资源化为饲料原料的营养价值研究

为探讨青霉素菌渣资源化为饲料原料潜在的营养价值,本研究以抗生素制药厂发酵剩余培养基(即青霉素菌渣)为研究对象,利用元素分析仪、电感耦合等离子发射光谱对菌渣中的非金属元素、金属元素进行了测定,并利用氨基酸分析仪、凯氏定氮法、DNS法、索氏提取法对其基本营养物质氨基酸、粗蛋白、总糖及脂肪含量进行了简单分析。结果表明:C、N、S、H 4种非金属元素含量较高,其中,动物体有机体常量元素C含量最高,质量分数为34.52%。相对而言,金属元素含量较低,其中K、Na等常量元素含量较高,4种重金属污染物Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb含量与相关国家饲料安全标准对照而得,均低于下限水平。此外,以蛋白质、脂肪和总糖含量为考察指标评价了青霉素菌渣的营养特性,并进一步分析了更有利于动物吸收利用的小分子氨基酸含量。结果表明:青霉素菌渣具有较高的潜在营养特性,粗蛋白、粗脂肪和总糖含量均较高,分别为568.767、82.919、320.51 mg/g,同时各种为生命体生长所需的氨基酸含量较丰富,其中苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸含量最高。     

高效降解青霉素菌的筛选鉴定及降解效果研究

从哈尔滨制药总厂的青霉素发酵药渣中富集筛选出6株青霉素耐受菌株,经驯化后,采用高效液相色谱法检验其对青霉素的降解效率,经比较得到一株青霉素高效降解菌株,编号为JZ6。青霉素浓度300 mg/L,30℃,p H6.7,121 r/min条件下恒温震荡培养24 h后,在青霉素做唯一碳源情况下,青霉素几乎不被降解,外加碳氮源后降解率可达到99.98%。对其进行电镜扫描和16SrDNA序列分析,鉴定其属于洋葱伯克霍尔德菌属(Burkholderia cenocepacia),16SrDNA序列长度为1451bp,在Gen Bank登录号为KF826288。     

轻质油中间原料储罐腐蚀现状及对策

对近年来加工原料劣质化后轻质油中间原料储罐腐蚀问题突出和腐蚀导致的安全事故多发的现状进行了论述,介绍了中国石化轻质油中间原料储罐的调研情况和发现的主要问题,从多个方面提出了轻质油中间原料储罐的防腐对策.     

中国城市污水厂污泥处置现状研究

针对中国城市污水厂污泥处置现状问题,概述了国内外常规污泥处置目标和常规污泥处置方式,主要包括填埋处理的方式、污泥焚烧的方法、污泥土地利用的措施,并对目前在中国的适用情况进行了探讨.目前常用的几种常规污泥处置方法各有利弊,也在不断的发展,对于中国各城市来说不可能仅局限于一种处置方法,应结合每个城市的具体情况且还需与城市整体发展趋势相适应.只有这样才能处理好中国城市污水厂污泥处置.保证人民生活在蓝天碧水的环境之中.     

Sorption-desorption behavior of PCP on soil organic matter and clay minerals

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) contamination is a severe environmental problem due to its widespread occurrence, toxicity and recalcitrance. In order to gain a better understanding of the fate of PCP in soils, the role of the soil organic matter (SOM) and clay minerals in the PCP sorption-desorption was studied on two bulk field soils, two subsoils (i.e., SOM or clay-removed soil) and two artificial soils. The two field soils used were a silty loam from New Mexico (NM) containing 10% clay and a sandy-clay-loam from Colombia (CO) South America comprised of 18% clay minerals. The bulk CO soil containing kaolinite sorbed significantly less PCP than the NM soil. All soils depicted an apparent hysteresis during sorption. The CO bulk and subsoils desorbed 14-20% and 15-26% of the sorbed PCP respectively whereas the NM bulk and subsoils desorbed only 4-12% and 5-16%, respectively. Experiments conducted with pure clay and artificial soils indicated that the expandable clay minerals were key sorbent material. Additional studies to investigate the interaction between SOM and clay minerals are needed to fully understand sorptive phenomena.     

Pyrosequencing Analysis of Norovirus Genogroup II Distribution in Sewage and Oysters: First Detection of GII.17 Kawasaki 2014 in Oysters

Norovirus GII.3, GII.4, and GII.17 were detected using pyrosequencing in sewage and oysters in January and February 2015, in Japan. The strains in sewage and oyster samples were genetically identical or similar, predominant strains belonging to GII.17 Kawasaki 2014 lineage. This is the first report of GII.17 Kawasaki 2014 in oysters.     

试论江苏省国土资源与区域可持续发展

国土资源是区域可持续发展的基础,国土资源的合理开发利用是区域持发展的必由之路。首先详细地分析了江苏国土资源的优势条件,然后着重阐述了江苏国土资源的劣势,指出 一个资源约束型省份人地关系紧张、气候灾害频敏、环境问题突出已严重制约着区域的可持续发展;最后,根据江苏省情,对江苏可持续发展提出如下建议;加强对地理区位的开发和利用,促进力的合理布局,严格控制人口增长,努力提高人口素质,严格保护耕地,高效利用