上海城市生活垃圾处置现状及发展方向

分析上海生活垃圾的特点和处理处置现状,对处理处置现状存在的问题进行了分析说明。分类收集要实行日常化,无害化处理水平有待提高,焚烧造成了严重的二次污染,要加强对渗滤液的处置,并且末端处置技术中填埋处置比例过高。同时提出了生活垃圾处置的技术路线和发展方向,要以无害化、减量化、资源化为处理目标。要求巩固和完善生活垃圾卫生填埋技术,谨慎发展生活垃圾焚烧技术,充分重视生活垃圾生化处理技术,多元并举走可持续发展之路。     

黄河入河沙漠颗粒物对磷酸盐的吸附特征

研究了黄河入河沙漠颗粒物在天然水(河水和海水)中对磷酸盐的吸附行为,用改进的Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型对实验数据进行了拟合.结果表明,①改进的Langmuir等温吸附模型更适用于描述黄河入河沙漠颗粒物对磷酸盐的吸附特征,其物理意义更明确,得到的拟合参数更合理;②颗粒物对磷的最大吸附容量Qmax变化范围为41.322～357.143mg.kg-1,其中居延海颗粒物Y2的Qmax最大.Qmax与颗粒物(Y1～Y5)的有机质有着极显著的正相关关系;③除巴丹吉林沙漠颗粒物Y1外,颗粒物的临界磷平衡浓度EPC0值均大于其相应水体的磷浓度.Y1在黄河水中吸附磷的EPC0小于相应水体的磷浓度0.0100.053 mg.L-1,而在渤海海水中却大于相应水体的磷浓度0.1090.074 mg.L-1,表明Y1吸附了黄河水中的磷,进入渤海后Y1原有吸附可交换态磷NAP转移到海水中.其它颗粒物与相应水体进行磷交换的过程中存在着解吸磷的现象,具有向相应水体释放磷的能力;④黄河入河沙漠颗粒物对磷酸盐的吸附等温线是过溶液浓度轴0.00的交叉型等温线,这种新型交叉型吸附-解吸模型较好地解释了其吸附特征和天然粒子的双重性作用.     

垂直流人工湿地系统基质优化级配研究

选取生物陶粒、无烟煤、沸石、钢渣和蛭石为基质,按不同的级配方式填充成基质柱,进行垂直流人工湿地模拟柱净化污水实验.研究表明,粒径分层级配基质对COD的去除率均高于单一粒径基质,其中分层生物陶粒对COD的平均去除率高达72.91%.分层沸石对总氮的净化能力较单一粒径基质有所提高,平均去除率高达91.23%.填充了生物陶粒、沸石和无烟煤的模拟柱对有机物和氮的净化效果和单一基质没有显著性差异(p0.05).填充钢渣和无烟煤的模拟柱出水pH值均在正常范围内,但是除从上到下依次填充无烟煤、蛭石和钢渣的基质柱外,其它填充钢渣和无烟煤的模拟柱对磷素的净化能力都低于单一基质.种植植物对净化效果没有明显影响.在垂直流人工湿地中,针对水质特点选择高效的级配基质,如分层生物陶粒、分层沸石、分层无烟煤以及生物陶粒、沸石和无烟煤组合,在高水力负荷条件下可获得更好的处理效果.     

辅料配比对污泥生物-物理联合干燥的影响

利用自主研制的污泥生物-物理联合干燥反应系统研究了脱水污泥∶树皮∶回流污泥分别为7∶3∶0.5、9∶3∶0.5和12∶3∶0.5时,污泥生物-物理联合干燥过程中温度、含水率等参数的变化规律.结果表明,污泥温度随干燥时间延长先增大后减小,含水率在0～96 h逐渐降低,继续延长反应时间,则变化不明显.当脱水污泥∶树皮∶回流...     

一体化接触氧化反应器处理景区生活污水

常州某旅游景区采用一体化生活污水处理装置处理该区生活污水,通过试验确定反应器的最佳工艺参数,研究表明采用接触氧化反应器处理农村污水,在反应器内溶解氧维持在2.0~4.0 mg/L,水力负荷为3.53 m3/(m3.d)的运行条件下,对COD、NH3-N及TN去除率分别达80.82%、69.12%、63.16%,出水可稳定达GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级标准。     

Preliminary report on methane emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir in the summer drainage period

Considerable variations may exist in CH4 emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir.     

Decolorization of dye solutions with Ruditapes philippinarum conglutination mud and the isolated bacteria

Application of Ruditapes Philippinarum conglutination mud (RPM) for decolorizing synthetic dye solutions was studied. RPM showed good activity for decolorization of Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, Malachite Green, and Ink Blue. The amount of the RPM had great effect on the decoloration rate of the dye solutions. However, the decoloration rate did not continue to increase when the amount of mud exceeded the optimum dose. The temperature of the dye solution had a remarkable effect on the decolorization rate of Ink Blue solution, but had little effect on the other three dye solutions. The initial pH of the dye solutions evidently affected the decolorization rate of Malachite Green solution, but had less effect on the other three. The decolorization rate of the dye solutions increased significantly with treatment time within 8 hr, but tended to be steady after 8 hr for Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green solutions, and after 12 hr for Ink Blue solution. The decolorization efficiencies for the four dye solutions under the optimum conditions were all above 90%. Seventeen strains screened from RPM showed flocculation ability for kaolin clay suspension. Out of them, the flocculation rate of strain ZHT3-9 and strain ZHT4-13 were up to 88.14% and 86.01%, respectively. ZHT3-9 was studied, and its decolorization rate for Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, and Malachite Green reached 90.02%, 89.21%, and 80.29%, respectively. By morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing, the strain ZHT3-9 was identified as Arthrobacter sp.     

流域水污染防治绩效评估体系研究

以环境绩效评估为基础,从总量削减、水环境质量保护、公众参与、环境治理4个方面选择指标,采用层次分析法进行水污染防治绩效评估.结果表明,赣江流域水污染防治效果明显,水环境质量呈逐年变好趋势;从环境管理来看,情况有所改善,但还存在一些问题,环保投资指数成为影响水污染防治效果的主要控制因子.     

Seasonal and diurnal variations of atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate, peroxypropionyl nitrate, and carbon tetrachloride in Beijing

Atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate(PPN), and carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) were measured from September 2010 to August 2011 in Beijing. PAN exhibited low values from mid-autumn to early spring(October to March) with monthly average concentrations ranging from 0.28 to 0.73 ppbV, and increased from early spring to summer(March to August), ranging from 1.37–3.79 ppbV. The monthly variation of PPN was similar to PAN, with low values(below detection limit to 0.18 ppbV) from mid-autumn to early spring, and a monthly maximum in September(1.14 ppbV). The monthly variation of CCl4was tightly related to the variation of temperature, exhibiting a minimum in winter(69.3 pptV) and a maximum of 180.6 pptV in summer. Due to weak solar intensity and short duration, PAN and O3showed no distinct diurnal patterns from morning to night during winter, whereas for other seasons, they both exhibited maximal values in the late afternoon(ca. 15:00 to 16:00 local time) and minimal values during early morning and midnight. Good linear correlations between PAN and PPN were found in autumn(R = 0.91), spring(R = 0.94), and summer(R = 0.81), with slopes of 0.130, 0.222, and 0.133, respectively, suggesting that anthropogenic hydrocarbons dominated the photochemical formation of PANs in Beijing. Positive correlation between PAN and O3 in summer with the low slopes( O3 / PAN) ranging from 9.92 to 18.0 indicated serious air pollution in Beijing, and strong negative correlation in winter reflected strong O3consumption by NO titration and less thermal decompositin of PAN.     

Phytoremediation of levonorgestrel in aquatic environment by hydrophytes

Adsorption and degradation of levonorgestrel （LNG） by two hydrophytes, Cyperus alternfolius （CA） and Eichhornia crassipes （EC）, were investigated under light-shielding conditions in the water column. Variations of LNG concentrations in water, plant root epidermis, root, stem and leaf of the plants were analyzed. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of LNG by hydrophytes over the period of 50 days was significantly greater than the blank control （p 〈 0.05）, with the removal rates of 79.80%± 3.10% and 78.86% ± 2.55% for CA and EC, respectively. Compared with bio-adsorption, bio-conversion of LNG was found to be the dominant elimination pathway, evidenced by relatively high conversion rates （77.31% ±2.68% for CA and 77.82% ± 2.95% for EC）, while the adsorption rates were lower （1.77% ± 0.90% for CA and 1.05% ± 0.40% for EC）. The bio-adsorption and conversion of LNG showed no significant differences between the two hydrophytes. Additionally, the mineralization on root epidermis played an important role in the reduction of LNG in water.