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991.
为了强化煤化工废水中高浓度氨氮(500~7000mg/L)的吹脱去除效率,进一步减少投碱量,制备了一种纳米TiO2/ZJ-01复合相促脱剂,并对其稳定性、促脱效率及强化机理进行了研究.结果表明,在有机组分质量分数6.0%,5nm TiO2固含量0.4%,超声分散30min时,纳米TiO2/ZJ-01复合相促脱剂性价比最好.在纳米TiO2/ZJ-01复合相促脱剂投加量为7.5mL/L时,氨氮吹脱率便可以达到95.14%,且在任何pH值条件下投加纳米TiO2/ZJ-01复合相促脱剂,氨氮吹脱率均能提高17.02%~32.46%.与直接吹脱法相比,投加纳米TiO2/ZJ-01复合相促脱剂吹脱40min,原水pH=10时的氨氮吹脱率便已高于直接吹脱法pH=11.5时的氨氮吹脱率,极大降低了碱耗量.进一步对纳米TiO2/ZJ-01复合相促脱剂作用机理研究发现,纳米TiO2/ZJ-01复合相促脱剂能极大的降低气液相间表面张力,从而降低传质过程中的液膜阻力,减小气泡尺寸,增大传质接触面积,加快氨气的逸出;同时,在吹脱过程中纳米TiO2/ZJ-01复合相促脱剂能够增强界面湍动及对流现象,加快气泡液膜表面部分更新,减少有效传质边界层厚度,从而降低氨氮传质阻力,强化了气液间传质的进行. 相似文献
992.
以聚醚砜(PES)超滤膜为基膜,采用涂层法制备磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)中空纤维复合纳滤膜,研究其对草甘膦的浓缩和去除。考察了该膜在浓缩草甘膦模拟废水中的操作条件,如跨膜压力、进料浓度、进料pH和离子强度等对通量和截留率的影响。结果表明,随跨膜压力的增加,草甘膦的截留率和水通量均增加,当跨膜压力由0.3 MPa增加到0.8 MPa时,水通量由34.0 L/(m2.h)增加至98.0 L/(m2·h),截留率高于98%;增加进料浓度和离子强度,截留率和通量均减小,当进料浓度由100 mg/L增至1 000 mg/L,水通量降低12.4%,截留率降低8.4%;而pH由3.0升至11.0时,截留率增加,但通量几乎不变。当把该膜材料用于浓缩含高浓度NaCl的草甘膦母液时,发现在0.5 MPa压力和pH=11.0下,复合纳滤膜对NaCl的截留率低于20%,对草甘膦的截留率可达90%。这说明该复合纳滤膜可以把草甘膦与NaCl有效分离开来,为草甘膦的回收利用提供了基础。 相似文献
993.
以蒙脱石、凹凸棒石、次氯酸钙和PAC、PAM为基本材料,对焦化废水二级生化出水进行深度处理。实验结果表明:蒙脱石与凹凸棒石以4:1的比例配合使用,可明显提高焦化废水中COD和色度去除率;采用次氯酸钙作为氧化剂,可进一步提高焦化废水的脱色率和COD去除率,处理间差异达到极显著和显著水平;去除COD的最优实验条件为:粘土矿物(蒙脱石:和凹凸棒石=4:1)添加量4.0g/L、氧化剂(次氯酸钙)添加量1.0g/L、絮凝剂(聚合氯化铝:聚丙烯酰胺=15/1)添加量0.15g/L,处理后色度去除率达到97.0%,COD去除率达到69.1%;脱色的最优实验条件为:粘土矿物添加量4.0g/L、氧化剂添加量1.0g/L、絮凝剂添加量0.2g/L,处理后色度去除率达到98.5%,COD去除率达到66.4%。 相似文献
994.
Guangdou Qi Zhifei Pan Yasuha Sugawa Fetra J. Andriamanohiarisoamanana Takaki Yamashiro Masahiro Iwasaki Keiko Kawamoto Ikko Ihara Kazutaka Umetsu 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(3):1448-1457
The fertilizer properties of anaerobic digestate depend on the feedstock and operating conditions of digestion. In this study, the comparative fertilizer properties of mesophilic and thermophilic digestates from dairy manure were evaluated for plant nutrient contents, and special attention was paid to plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). Two digestates contained similar plant nutrient contents, while the thermophilic digestate contained higher contents of NH4+–N. The quantity of Bacillus and Pseudomonas in the mesophilic digestate was significantly higher than in the thermophilic digestate. Furthermore, Bacillus showed siderophore production and antifungal activity (43.5–75.3%), and Pseudomonas showed siderophore and phytohormone production (4.2–75.2 µg ml?1). One phosphate solubilizing isolate was also detected in the mesophilic digestate. These results indicated that two digestates showed different fertilizer properties with respect to nutrient contents and PGPB, and digestates had the potential to increase the availability of phosphorus and iron in the soil, both to provide phytohormones to plant roots and protect plants from fungal phytopathogens. The contents of indicator bacteria and heavy metals were analyzed to determine their environmental risk, and the results showed a high reduction in indicator bacteria and lower levels of heavy metals than in other feedstocks. 相似文献
995.
Xiong Qinli Xiao Yang Halmy Marwa Waseem A. Pan Kaiwen Dakhil Mohammed A. Zhang Lin Li Ting Liang Pinghan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(7):7040-7052
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Land use/land cover (LULC) changes impact the structure and functioning of ecosystems, which consequently influences the provisioning of a range of... 相似文献
996.
用1971-2000年的30年逐日降水量资料,按旬统计汶川地震重灾县5-12月各旬的雨日、中雨日、大雨日、暴雨日的平均日数和气候概率,根据地震重灾区实际地质环境条件,降低强降雨强度条件,基于模糊综合评判法,按照最大隶属度原则对汶川特大地震重灾区的39个县进行地质灾害时空气候风险评估。结果表明:重灾区的地质灾害气候风险指数值存在两个高值期间,一个是5月中旬至7月上旬,另一个是8月下旬至9月下旬。而10月下旬至次年4月,重灾区降雨明显减少,绝大部分地区没有地质灾害气候风险;从地域分布来看,高风险区域主要集中在重灾区的西部和中部,风险等级为3~4级(风险较大或很大),东部地区风险等级为1~2级(中等风险或风险较小),但7月下旬高等级风险区位置集中在重灾区的南部和东部。 相似文献
997.
The number of sites sampled must be considered when determining the effort necessary for adequately assessing taxa richness
in an ecosystem for bioassessment purposes; however, there have been few studies concerning the number of sites necessary
for bioassessment of large rivers. We evaluated the effect of sample size (i.e., number of sites) necessary to collect vertebrate
(fish and aquatic amphibians), macroinvertebrate, and diatom taxa from seven large rivers in Oregon and Washington, USA during
the summers of 2006–2008. We used Monte Carlo simulation to determine the number of sites needed to collect 90–95% of the
taxa 75–95% of the time from 20 randomly located sites on each river. The river wetted widths varied from 27.8 to 126.0 m,
mean substrate size varied from 1 to 10 cm, and mainstem distances sampled varied from 87 to 254 km. We sampled vertebrates
at each site (i.e., 50 times the mean wetted channel width) by nearshore-raft electrofishing. We sampled benthic macroinvertebrates
nearshore through the use of a 500-μm mesh kick net at 11 systematic stations. From each site composite sample, we identified
a target of 500 macroinvertebrate individuals to the lowest possible taxon, usually genus. We sampled benthic diatoms nearshore
at the same 11 stations from a 12-cm2 area. At each station, we sucked diatoms from soft substrate into a 60-ml syringe or brushed them off a rock and rinsed them
with river water into the same jar. We counted a minimum of 600 valves at 1,000× magnification for each site. We collected
120–211 diatom taxa, 98–128 macroinvertebrate taxa, and 14–33 vertebrate species per river. To collect 90-95% of the taxa
75-95% of the time that were collected at 20 sites, it was necessary to sample 11–16 randomly distributed sites for vertebrates,
13–17 sites for macroinvertebrates, and 16–18 sites for diatoms. We conclude that 12–16 randomly distributed sites are needed
for cost-efficient sampling of vertebrate richness in the main stems of our study rivers, but 20 sites markedly underestimates
the species richness of benthic macroinvertebrates and diatoms in those rivers. 相似文献
998.
999.
Climate change will alter the capacity of carbon sequestration,and the risk assessment of carbon sequestration for terrestrial ecosystems will be helpful to the decision-making for climate change countermeasures and international climate negotiations.Based on the net ecosystem productivity of terrestrial ecosystems simulated by Atmosphere Vegetation Integrated Model,each grid of the risk criterion was set by time series trend analysis.Then the risks of carbon sequestration of terrestrial ecosystems were investigated.The results show that,in the IPCCSRES-B2 climate scenario,climate change will bring risks of carbon sequestration,and the high-risk level will dominate terrestrial ecosystems.The risk would expand with the increase of warming degree.By the end of the long-term of this century,about 60% of the whole country will face the risk;Northwest China,mountainous areas in Northeast China,middle and lower reaches plain of Yangtze River areas,Southwest China and Southeast China tend to be extremely vulnerable.Risk levels in most regions are likely to grow with the increase of warming degree,and this increase will mainly occur during the near-term to mid-term.Northwest China will become an area of high risks,and deciduous coniferous forests,temperate mixed forests and desert grassland tend to be extremely vulnerable. 相似文献
1000.
超声波/紫外线-Fenton反应联用去除克拉玛依土壤中石油类污染物 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了超声波(ultrasonic)和紫外线(ultraviolet)-Fenton反应联用处理干旱区老化石油污染土壤。土壤TPH含量为30 470 mg/kg,pH值为3,H2O2与Fe比例为50∶1时,H2O2浓度为0.37%、0.74%、1.11%和1.85%在超声波处理6 h土壤TPH去除量分别为4 495、11 983、15 470和19 800 mg/kg;TPH去除量随H2O2/Fe2+增大而增大,H2O2/Fe2+为100∶1时,TPH去除量为12 699 mg/kg。溶液pH值接近中性,H2O2浓度为0.74%,H2O2/Fe2+为50∶1,超声波与UV共同作用2 h和4 h,TPH去除量分别达到14 824和21 821 mg/kg;UV单独作用2 h、4 h对土壤TPH去除量为9 253和12 845 mg/kg。超声波-Fenton反应对1,2-二甲苯降解效果最好,其次为C17-C28的直链及支链烷烃,最低为烃类衍生物。 相似文献