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排序方式: 共有159条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
151.
Luca Geranio Gregor Hommes Patrick Shahgaldian Amina Wirth-Heller Uwe Pieles Philippe F.-X. Corvini 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(3):247-251
A new and efficient synthetic route to fluorescent and 14C-double-labeled silica-based nanoparticles (NPs) is described. The synthesis has been carried out using the “oil-in-water”
micro-emulsion technique. Fluorescent and radioactive labeling have been achieved entrapping labeled poly(ethylene glycol)
(PEG) molecules in the NPs. The produced particles have been analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy, photon correlation
spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, scintillation counting and oxidation/combustion experiments. Fluorescence quenching experiments
confirm that the label is entrapped in the particles. The results presented suggest that the silica matrix does not block
the β-radiations emitted from the labeled PEG molecules entrapped in the NPs. 相似文献
152.
The appropriate prediction of the fate of the contaminant is an essential step when evaluating the risk of severe groundwater pollutions-in particular in the context of natural attenuation. We numerically study the reactive transport of phenanthrene at the field scale in a multilayer soil profile based on experimental data. The effect of carrier facilitation by dissolved organic carbon is emphasized and incorporated in the model. Previously published simulations are restricted to the saturated zone and/or to homogeneous soil columns at the laboratory scale. A numerical flow and transport model is extended and applied to understand and quantify the relevant processes in the case of a strongly sorbing hydrophobic organic compound that is subject to carrier facilitation in the unsaturated zone. The contaminant migration is investigated on long- and short-term time scales and compared to predictions without carrier facilitation. The simulations demonstrate the importance of carrier facilitation and suggest strongly to take this aspect into account. By carrier facilitation breakthrough times at the groundwater level decreased from 500 to approximately 8 years and concentration peaks increased by two orders of magnitude in the long-term simulation assuming a temporary spill in an initially unpolluted soil with a non-sorbing carrier. 相似文献
153.
154.
Randolf Menzel Jacqueline Fuchs Leonard Nadler Benjamin Weiss Nicole Kumbischinski Daniel Adebiyi Sergej Hartfil Uwe Greggers 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(8):763-767
Honeybees use their visual flow field to measure flight distance. It has been suggested that the experience of serial landmarks
encountered on the flight toward a feeding place contributes to distance estimation. Here, we address this question by tracing
the flight paths of individual bees with a harmonic radar system. Bees were trained along an array of three landmarks (tents),
and the distance between these landmarks was either increased or decreased under two test conditions. We find that absolute
distance estimation dominates the search for the feeding place, but serial position effects are also found. In the latter
case, bees search only or additionally at locations determined by serial experience of the landmarks. 相似文献
155.
Robert Preusche Sibylle Böhlmann Holger Ecke Uwe Gampe 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011
Air leakages compromise the CO2 capture rate and auxiliary power consumption of oxyfuel power plants. Constructive measures can significantly improve the leakage rate in newly built plants. However, the mitigation of increasing leakage rates during the plant lifetime is crucial for high plant efficiency. In this paper, we apply three statistical methods on experimental process data gathered in an air leakage test in Vattenfall's Oxyfuel Pilot Plant in Schwarze Pumpe, Germany. The performance of the methods in identifying increasing leakage rates and localizing the leakage source is investigated. It was found that all three methods can identify and localize even small increases of the leakage rate. A combination of all three methods allows taking advantage of the individual features of each method. Additional installation of CO2, O2, H2O, and SO2 measurements in the oxidizer can considerably enhance localization performance. Finally, it is shown that the results can be transferred to commercial-scale oxyfuel pilot plants by generating training data with thermodynamic plant models. 相似文献
156.
Alberto Pistocchi Jan Groenwold Joost Lahr Mark Loos Marelys Mujica Ad M. J. Ragas Robert Rallo Serenella Sala Uwe Schlink Kathrin Strebel Marco Vighi Pilar Vizcaino 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(2):119-133
We present examples of cumulative chemical risk mapping methods developed within the NoMiracle project. The different examples illustrate the application of the concentration addition (CA) approach to pesticides at different scale, the integration in space of cumulative risks to individual organisms under the CA assumption, and two techniques to (1) integrate risks using data-driven, parametric statistical methods, and (2) cluster together areas with similar occurrence of different risk factors, respectively. The examples are used to discuss some general issues, particularly on the conventional nature of cumulative risk maps, and may provide some suggestions for the practice of cumulative risk mapping. 相似文献
157.
Kerstin?JantkeEmail author Uwe?A.?Schneider 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(3):227-238
Nature reserves are often designated ad hoc. Despite increasing conservation efforts, loss of biodiversity is still accelerating.
Considering land scarcity and demand for alternative uses, efficiency in conservation strongly correlates with efficiency
in land allocation. Systematic conservation planning can effectively prioritize conservation activities. Previous studies
minimize opportunity costs for given conservation targets. However, these studies assume constant marginal costs of habitat
protection. We extend this cost minimization approach by also considering a dynamic representation of marginal costs. The
more land is allocated to nature reserves, the higher are opportunity costs, i.e., costs of forgone agricultural production.
This increase in costs results from changes in the prices of agricultural commodities. We employ a deterministic, spatially
explicit mathematical optimization model to allocate species habitats by minimizing opportunity costs for setting aside land
for conservation purposes. The model is designed as a mixed integer programming problem and solved with GAMS/CPLEX. Our results
show the need for integrating land market feedbacks into conservation planning. We find that ignoring land rent adjustments
can lead to highly cost-ineffective solutions in reserve selection. 相似文献
158.
Yu Y Schleicher N Norra S Fricker M Dietze V Kaminski U Cen K Stüben D 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(2):334-346
Systematic sampling and analysis were performed to investigate the dynamics and the origin of suspended particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM(2.5)), in Beijing, China from 2005 to 2008. Identifying the source of PM(2.5) was the main goal of this project, which was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The concentrations of 19 elements, black carbon (BC) and the total mass in 158 weekly PM(2.5) samples were measured. The statistical evaluation of the data from factor analysis (FA) identifies four main sources responsible for PM(2.5) in Beijing: (1) a combination of long-range transport geogenic soil particles, geogenic-like particles from construction sites and the anthropogenic emissions from steel factories; (2) road traffic, industry emissions and domestic heating; (3) local re-suspended soil particles; (4) re-suspended particles from refuse disposal/landfills and uncontrolled dumped waste. Special attention has been paid to seven high concentration "episodes", which were further analyzed by FA, enrichment factor analysis (EF), elemental signatures and backward-trajectory analysis. These results suggest that long-range transport soil particles contribute much to the high concentration of PM(2.5) during dust days. This is supported by mineral analysis which showed a clear imprint of component in PM(2.5). Furthermore, the ratios of Mg/Al have been proved to be a good signature to trace back different source areas. The Pb/Ti ratio allows the distinction between periods of predominant anthropogenic and geogenic sources during high concentration episodes. Backward-trajectory analysis clearly shows the origins of these episodes, which partly corroborate the FA and EF results. This study is only a small contribution to the understanding of the meteorological and source driven dynamics of PM(2.5) concentrations. 相似文献
159.