Pseudomonas sp.fz胞外分离物降解四溴双酚A

四溴双酚A(TBBPA)是全球消耗量最大的溴系阻燃剂。通过活性物质的定位、分离和TBBPA产物的分析等步骤,对Pseudomonas sp.fz胞外分离物降解TBBPA进行了研究。结果表明,存在于胞外的活性物质通过异丙基断裂和脱溴两条途径降解TBBPA。通过超滤,Sephadex G-10分离纯化得到了具有降解活性的小分子物质,分子量约为376~456 Da,初步鉴定为短肽类物质。这种小分子物质具有很好的热稳定性(30~80℃),在弱酸性条件下(2.0~5.0)活性较高,其活性还受金属离子、氧气和抑制剂(Na N3)的影响。此外,部分纯化的小分子物质在一定条件下能够产生羟基自由基(·OH)。     

Wastewater reclamation and reuse in China: Opportunities and challenges

The growing water stress both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration promotes the development of reclaimed water as a new water resource use. This paper reviewed wastewater reuse practices in China, and the opportunities and challenges of expanding reclaimed water use were analyzed. Rapid urbanization with the increasing of water demand and wastewater discharge provides an opportunity for wastewater reuse. The vast amount of wastewater discharge and low reclaimed water production mean that wastewater reuse still has a great potential in China. Many environmental and economic benefits and successful reclamation technologies also provide opportunities for wastewater reuse. In addition, the overall strategy in China is also encouraging for wastewater reuse. In the beginning stage of wastewater reclamation and reuse, there are many significant challenges to expand wastewater reuse in China including slow pace in adopting urban wastewater reuse programs, the establishment of integrated water resources management framework and guidelines for wastewater reuse programs, incoherent water quality requirements, the limited commercial development of reclaimed water and the strengthening of public awareness and cooperation among stakeholders.     

Screening of indicator pharmaceuticals and personal care products in landfill leachates: a case study in Shanghai,China

● A systematic framework was developed to identify i-PPCPs for landfill leachate. ● The wide-scope target analysis offered a basis for comprehensive i-PPCP screening. ● Source-specificity and representativeness analysis helped to refine i-PPCPs. ● Erythromycin, gemfibrozil and albendazole were identified as i-PPCPs for leachate. Identifying potential sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment is critical for the effective control of PPCP contamination. Landfill leachate is an important source of PPCPs in water; however, it has barely been involved in source apportionment due to the lack of indicator-PPCPs (i-PPCPs) in landfill leachates. This study provides the first systematic framework for identifying i-PPCPs for landfill leachates based on the wide-scope target monitoring of PPCPs. The number of target PPCPs increased from < 20 in previous studies to 68 in the present study. Fifty-nine PPCPs were detected, with median concentrations in leachate samples ranging from below the method quantification limit (MQL) to 41 μg/L, and 19 of them were rarely reported previously. A total of 29 target compounds were determined to be PPCPs of high concern by principal component analysis according to multiple criteria, including occurrence, exposure potential, and ecological effect. Coupled with source-specificity and representativeness analysis, erythromycin, gemfibrozil, and albendazole showed a significant difference in their occurrence in leachate compared to other potential sources (untreated and treated municipal wastewater and livestock wastewater) and correlated with total PPCP concentrations; these were recommended as i-PPCPs for leachates. Indicator screening procedure can be used to develop a sophisticated source apportionment method to identify sources of PPCPs from adjacent landfills.     

河南省重点行业绿色发展评价标准初探与实践

目前国内针对工业行业绿色发展评价标准的研究较少。本文在调研国内外相关研究的基础上,设置5项一级指标及22项二级指标并赋予相应的权重,采用综合评价法初步构建了河南省钢铁、焦化等12个重点行业绿色发展评价标准框架。依据2019年河南省重点行业绿色发展两期调研评价结果,分析了重点行业绿色发展整体水平及各行业绿色发展的水平和变化情况。结果表明,河南省重点行业绿色发展水平稳步提升,有效助力了河南省污染防治攻坚工作。为此本研究围绕企业自主改造、行业协会综合协调、政府部门鼓励引导等方面提出了重点行业绿色发展水平提升对策。     

含弱约束端面直角管道汽油蒸气爆炸及七氟丙烷抑爆研究*

为研究七氟丙烷对汽油蒸气爆炸抑制作用,搭建含弱约束端面直角管道汽油蒸气爆炸抑制实验系统,开展汽油蒸气爆炸实验研究,并与喷入七氟丙烷抑爆介质进行对比,分析爆炸超压值、火焰强度值和火焰传播速度等爆炸特性参数变化情况。结果表明:在1.3%,1.5%和1.7%汽油蒸气体积分数下,不加抑爆介质时,爆炸超压值、火焰强度和火焰传播速度随着汽油蒸气体积分数的升高而增大;将七氟丙烷作为抑爆介质喷入时,爆炸超压峰值分别下降91.06%,34.57%和50.92%,火焰强度降幅达到99.83%,火焰传播速度几乎降为0,火焰持续时间随之缩短几乎为0,七氟丙烷具有良好的阻隔防爆效果。     

双钧安全带及安全防护网的研制与应用

井架用于安放天车、悬挂游车、大钩、水龙头、大钳和吊卡等起升设备和工具,并用以起下和存放钻具、油管、抽油杆或下套管的钢架结构.塔型井架是横截面为正方形或矩形的四棱截锥形空间桁架结构的井架.由许多单一构件用螺栓连接组成,并在井场组装或拆散运移.塔型井架的拆装作业在最高高度为41m的高空进行,属于特高空作业,在施工过程中,易发生高空坠落事故.为保障员工的生命安全,防止事故的发生,胜利石油管理局黄河钻井钻前公司研制了双钩安全带及安全防护网,经现场试用,效果良好.     

Integrating ecosystem services evaluation and landscape pattern analysis into urban planning based on scenario prediction and regression model

ABSTRACT

Urban planning has become a widely concern for minimizing the negative effects of urban expansion on terrestrial ecosystems. We developed an interdisciplinary modeling framework to evaluate the effectiveness and shortcomings of urban expansion management strategies. A three-step method was applied to Yinchuan Plain in the northwestern of China, including (1) analyzing the relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem service values through mathematical statistics; (2) predicting landscape pattern and ecosystem services change under different scenarios based on cellular automaton model (SLEUTH-3r model); and (3) designing and validating optimized scenario through integrating historical analysis experiments and future multi-comparison suggestions. Results have suggested that landscape composition and configuration can significantly affect regional ecosystem service values, especially the connectivity and shape of landscape. Compact urban growth policy and medium environment protection policy are the appropriate setting for urban expansion plan. Optimization validation of the combined designed scenario implied the reliability of this method. Our results highlighted the significance of integrating application of landscape pattern analysis, ecosystem service value evaluation, model simulation and multi-scenario prediction in urban planning.     

基于FA-BAS-ELM的海洋油气管道外腐蚀速率预测

为提高海洋油气管道外腐蚀速率预测的精度和效率,建立基于因子分析(FA)和天牛须搜索算法(BAS)的极限学习机(ELM)腐蚀速率预测模型。利用FA对影响因素数据集进行降维处理,确定预测模型的输入变量;建立ELM预测模型,并采用BAS对ELM模型的参数进行优化,避免参数取值随机性对模型预测性能的影响;以实海挂片试验为例,通过建模仿真评价模型的预测性能,并与其他模型进行对比分析。结果表明:FA-BAS-ELM预测模型的平均绝对误差(MAPE)仅为1.92%,决定系数R²高达0.9949,相比于其他模型,该模型具有更优的预测性能。     

直接高压放电降解水中苯酚的效果

采用直接高压放电降解水中含有苯酚,自行设计加工了线筒式放电反应器,考察了氧气鼓入量、反应器压力、溶液初始pH对苯酚降解效果的影响.结果表明:在所设计的放电反应器中,放电电极直径为0.6 mm、地极直径29 mm或者38 mm,电压8～10 kV,电流4～14 mA,气体鼓入量为60 mL·min-1、溶液初始pH为9左右时,在180 min之内水中苯酚降解达到90%以上.同时发现溶液电导率具有相对应的变化趋势.     

升流式厌氧污泥床-接触氧化工艺在酒精废水处理中的应用

介绍了升流式厌氧污泥床 接触氧化工艺在处理高浓度酒精废水中的应用。运行结果表明 ,进水CODCr1 80 0 0～ 2 1 0 0 0mg L ,BOD51 0 50 0～ 1 2 0 0 0mg L ,SS 1 6 0 0 0～ 1 850 0mg L时 ,出水达到GB8978 96二级排放标准。