文氏管除尘器碗形喷嘴的试验研究及工作特性的预测

本文根据流体动力学的流体流阻定律，对三种规格的碗形喷嘴试验数据进行分析研究，找出了预测喷嘴工作压强（Ｐ）与喷射流量（Ｑ）关系的两种方法。同时也给出了喷射角（β）和水力效率的计算公式。另外，对改进喷嘴结构提出了初步设想。     

Coral skeletal tin and copper concentrations at Pohnpei, Micronesia: possible index for marine pollution by toxic anti-biofouling paints

We present 40 year-long skeletal chronologies of tin (Sn) and copper (Cu) from an annually-banded coral (Porites sp.) collected from Pohnpei Island, Micronesia (western equatorial Pacific). Both the elements are present in antifouling marine paints and are released inadvertently into ambient seawater. Especially, Sn has often been used in the form of tributyltin (TBT). Based on a stepwise pretreatment examination, Sn and Cu both inside and outside the aragonite lattice of the coral skeleton show a potential for providing marine pollution indicators. High values of extra-skeletal Cu/Ca and Sn/Ca atomic ratios were found between late 1960s and late 1980s during a period of active use of TBT-based antifouling paints worldwide. However, a significant decrease in both the ratios in the beginning of 1990s can be attributed to regulation of the use of TBT on cargo ships by countries such as the USA, Japan and Australia.     

Inhibition effect of magnetic field on nitrous oxide emission from sequencing batch reactor treating domestic wastewater at low temperature

This study aims to investigate the effect of a magnetic field on nitrous oxide(N_2O) emission from a sequencing batch reactor treating low-strength domestic wastewater at low temperature(10℃).After running for 124 days in parallel,results indicated that the conversion rate of N_2O for a magnetic field-sequencing batch reactor(MF-SBR) decreased by34.3% compared to that of a conventional SBR(C-SBR).Meanwhile,the removal efficiencies for total nitrogen(TN) and ammonia nitrogen(NH4-N) of the MF-SBR were 22.4% and 39.5% higher than those of the C-SBR.High-throughput sequencing revealed that the abundances of AOB(Nitrosomonas),NOB(Nitrospira) and denitrifiers(Zoogloea),which could reduce N_2O to N_2,were promoted significantly in the MF-SBR.Enzyme activities(Nir) and gene abundances(nos Z nir S and nir K) for denitrification in the MF-SBR were also notably higher compared to C-SBR.Our study shows that application of a magnetic field is a useful approach for inhibiting the generation of N_2O and promoting the nitrogen removal efficiency by affecting the microbial characteristics of sludge in an SBR treating domestic wastewater at low temperature.     

无机碳对浮游藻类生长和群落结构的影响

采用水族箱生态模拟方法,利用碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠作为碱度调节剂设置不同碱度水平,研究了氮磷营养相对充足的试验水体中藻类各相关指标对无机碳的响应,并对试验过程中所测得的理化指标和生物指标进行统计分析.研究表明:富营养水体无机碳含量与藻类叶绿素水平存在着正相关关系;适当增加水体中的无机碳浓度能够改变蓝、绿藻门种类比例;当碱度水平达到一定程度时,铜绿微囊藻可以逐渐成为优势种,并从体系中上升,演替成为水华.     

杭州市大气NOx来源及控制对策研究

采用定常高斯模式和Thlong程序建立NOx污染源强与大气NOx浓度间定量响应数值模型，计算了点源，面源和流动源等各类的污染源对杭州市区各关心点NOx的平均贡献率，分别约为17％，17％和66％，其中市区机动车尾气贡献率高达50％左右，是首先要控制的污染源。同时提出NOx排放削减方案及实施后大气NOx质量改善状况，为环保管理部门削减NO x污染源提出供决策参考。     

长江经济带水污染物减排的空间效应及驱动因素

构建2011~2015年水污染物排放及社会经济数据库，选取COD、氨氮2项指标，解析“十二五”时期长江经济带水污染物的减排过程与时空特征，并采用空间计量模型定量解析减排空间效应及驱动因素.研究发现：5年间长江经济带水污染物减排过程的集聚特征显著，高排放-高减排区主要位于长江三角洲地区，而环境效益趋差的高排放-低减排区仍然存在.空间效应对长江经济带水污染物减排具有一定影响，本地排污增加不利于邻地减排.人口规模、城镇化水平和农业经济份额是驱动长江经济带水污染物排放的主导因素，到2015年，人口规模和农业经济份额因素的驱动力均有不同程度下降，但城镇化水平的驱动力仍在提升.外商直接投资和工业化水平分别对COD和氨氮排放呈正向驱动，需警惕外资流入和快速工业化进程给相应特征污染物造成的减排压力.亟需推动本地和邻地就排污标准与减排总量达成规制共识，协同建立环境准入、污染付费等深层次减排模式；工程减排的同时共抓结构减排，针对长江经济带驱动因素与污染排放的空间耦合性，从源头倒逼产业结构、消费结构、种植结构、资本结构等向清洁化转变.     

涪陵地区农田径流水体中三氮含量及分布特征

本文在涪陵地区大面积和定点采集了农田径流水样品，测定了径流水体中的三氮含量。探讨了径流水体三氮随产流时间的变化，分析了干旱时间，水体流动等因素对三氮含量的影响。结果表明，干旱时间，径流水体流动对三氮含量有一定的影响。经统计分析，涪陵地区农田径流水体中的ＮＨ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ３＾－－Ｎ，ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ和Ｔ－Ｎ含量分别为０．８４０，０．９７０，０．１０７和２．０７ｍｇ／ｌ。     

食坚果有益处

从养生健体的角度讲,每日食用一把各类坚果,对人体是非常有益的,尤其在冬季对滋补身体更是好处多多,其它季节应控制食量,当然也要因人而异。本有虚火或正在热症期(感冒发烧)就不要食用。凡事都有一个度,只要适度适量,就能达到良好的效果。下面介绍几种坚果供大家参考。     

造粒流化床颗粒污泥对溶解性有机物的吸附机理研究

造粒流化床对污染物的去除是由混凝沉淀和物理吸附协同作用完成的，然而对于溶解性污染物，混凝沉淀的效果不明显，根据作者的实验分析，物理吸附在溶解性污染的去除中发挥了重要的作用。作者利用静态实验的方法对流化床颗粒对葡萄糖的吸附和扩散传质过程进行了分析，并采用Langmuir方程、Freudlich方程和Weber-Morris颗粒扩散模型对实验数据进行了拟合。结果表明，颗粒对葡萄糖的吸附等温过程与Langmuir方程有很好的吻合性；颗粒对葡萄糖的吸附速度与颗粒内部的扩散过程有很好的相关性。     

重金属环境标准样品发展现状及对策建议

对照国家《重金属污染综合防治“十二五”规划》和重金属有关的环境标准实施需求,从配套环境标准样品的角度,对现有重金属环境标准样品发展现状和存在的问题进行全面总结和梳理,并在深层次分析存在问题原因的基础上,对环境标准样品事业发展提出有关对策和建议。