气象因子对臭氧的影响及其在空气质量预报中的应用

为提高重庆市臭氧(O_3)预报准确率,利用2013—2015年5—10月O_3监测数据和气象数据,通过主成分分析、逐步回归分析等方法,确定了影响重庆O_3浓度的主要气象因素为最高温度、温差、太阳辐射、降水量、相对湿度、水气压和压差;通过基于O_3污染水平相似的主要气象控制因子筛选和最优组合的预报结果优化方法,提高了O_3预报准确率,使2016年5—8月O_3的AQI类别预报准确率由57.7%增至72.4%,O_3超标的预报准确率由38%增至46%。     

基于人工蜂群算法与BP神经网络的水质评价模型

针对BP网络水质评价模型的不足,引入人工蜂群(ABC)算法,将求解BP神经网络各层权值、阀值的过程转化为蜜蜂寻找最佳蜜源的过程,提出了一种新的结合人工蜂群算法的BP网络水质评价方法(ABC-BP)。并以2000—2006年渭河监测断面的10组实测数据作为测试样本对其水质进行了评价,实验结果表明该方法得到的水质评价结果准确,并具有很强的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

超声协同TiO_2光催化降解4,4′-二溴联苯

以纳米TiO2膜为光催化剂,对4,4′-二溴联苯水溶液进行了超声光催化(US+UV)、光催化(UV)和超声(US)降解,探讨了初始浓度、超声的声强和频率等对降解4,4′-二溴联苯的影响。结果表明,4,4′-二溴联苯的超声光催化降解存在协同效应,降解率随4,4′-二溴联苯初始浓度的增大而下降,随声强和频率的增大而增大。超声光催化过程符合一级动力学方程,反应数率常数为0.011 min-1。超声光催化与光催化的降解产物不同。     

介质阻挡放电联合锰基催化剂对乙酸乙酯的降解效果

采用等体积浸渍法制备锰基催化剂MnO_x/13X和MnO_x/γ-Al_2O_3,并在吸附-间歇放电模式下研究了其联合介质阻挡放电(DBD)等离子体对乙酸乙酯的氧化性能;对催化剂进行BET、SEM和XPS表征,以分析不同载体的Mn基催化剂氧化效果存在差异的原因。DBD氧化实验结果表明:与13X和γ-Al_2O_3相比,负载活性组分MnO_x后,CO_x产率分别提高了36.3%(MnO_x/13X)和29%(MnO_x/γ-Al_2O_3),CO_2选择性均提高至98%以上,副产物臭氧明显减少。表征结果显示,MnO_x/13X上的Mn~(4+)和晶格氧含量更高,更有利于乙酸乙酯的降解。结合吸附态乙酸乙酯的等离子体降解机理和不同填充材料的实验数据,建立了相应的动力学模型,为DBD降解挥发性有机物系统中催化剂的优化及其应用提供参考。     

Airsolution液体在净化有机废气方面的应用

Airsoluton是一系列植物提取液复配而成的,这些植物提取液是含有气味的有机物,它们是从树、草和花等植物中提取的。这些有味的液体含有大量复杂的化合物,它们是绝大多数植物油的主要成分。本文根据Airsolution液体的氧化性,对处理含苯、甲苯和二甲苯的有机工业废气进行了净化研究,结果表明:Airsolution液体用于处理有机废气是可行的,处理后的苯、甲苯和二甲苯可实现达标排放。且该工艺具有运行费用低,投资少的特点。     

青藏铁路格望段工程生态影响的主要特征：线型切割

线型工程是主要的生态类项目之一,随着各类线型工程迅速增加,其引发的生态影响已经逐渐暴露出来。本文分析了线型切割影响的提出背景以及景观生态学在研究线型工程生态影响中的应用。并以青藏铁路格望段为例,分析了线型切割作用的具体表现,主要包括：阻断能流、物流、物种流;阻断生态用水;阻断野生动物迁徙通道;造成景观破碎化。同时,针对不同的切割影响提出了相应防护对策,包括修建排水建筑物、生物通道、树篙廊道等。     

我国环境污染导致健康损害的赔偿保障体系思考

本文就我国现有法律法规体系、技术现状及组织体系进行剖析。结果表明,我国环境污染导致健康损害赔偿的法律支撑体系严重不足,亟需出台适合我国国情的《环境损害赔偿法》,从法律层面对整个健康损害的赔偿保障体系进行明确指导。针对现有健康损害赔偿的技术支撑体系严重缺乏、认定机构的人员队伍建设薄弱等现状,本文提出应加大相关组织队伍建设,以提高环境损害的技术支撑能力。此外,还需要建立一个更高级别的专业的环境健康污染损害、赔偿与协调机构。该机构应是由国家多部门(环境保护部、保监会、财政部、卫生部、司法部等)共同认可的第三方仲裁机构,且具备独立的性质,负责污染导致的损失评估、责任认定、事故处理、资金赔付等各项仲裁工作。     

Environmental effects and risk control of antibiotic resistance genes in the organic solid waste aerobic composting system: A review

• ARGs were detected in livestock manure, sludge, food waste and fermentation dregs. • The succession of microbial community is an important factor affecting ARGs. • Horizontal transfer mechanism of ARGs during composting should be further studied. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been diffusely detected in several kinds of organic solid waste, such as livestock manure, sludge, antibiotic fermentation residues, and food waste, thus attracting great attention. Aerobic composting, which is an effective, harmless treatment method for organic solid waste to promote recycling, has been identified to also aid in ARG reduction. However, the effect of composting in removing ARGs from organic solid waste has recently become controversial. Thus, this article summarizes and reviews the research on ARGs in relation to composting in the past 5 years. ARGs in organic solid waste could spread in different environmental media, including soil and the atmosphere, which could widen environmental risks. However, the conventional composting technology had limited effect on ARGs removal from organic solid waste. Improved composting processes, such as hyperthermophilic temperature composting, could effectively remove ARGs, and the HGT of ARGs and the microbial communities are identified as vital influencing factors. Currently, during the composting process, ARGs were mainly affected by three response pathways, (I) “Microenvironment-ARGs”; (II) “Microenvironment-microorganisms-ARGs”; (III) “Microorganisms-horizontal gene transfer-ARGs”, respectively. Response pathway II had been studied the most which was believed that microbial community was an important factor affecting ARGs. In response pathway III, mainly believed that MGEs played an important role and paid less attention to eARGs. Further research on the role and impact of eARGs in ARGs may be considered in the future. It aims to provide support for further research on environmental risk control of ARGs in organic solid waste.     

不同类型除尘器改造为脉冲除尘器技术

介绍了除尘器改造的原则、技术和方法,并结合多个除尘器改造的工程实例,分享了不同类型除尘器改造为脉冲除尘器成功经验。经过改造的除尘器能够满足集气吸尘罩处风量的要求,减少了除尘器出口排放浓度,降低了除尘器的运行阻力。     

Mercury contamination in selected foodstuffs and potential health risk assessment along the artisanal gold mining,Gilgit-Baltistan,Pakistan

This study investigates the mercury (Hg) contaminations in soil and foodstuffs along the artisanal gold mining areas, Gilgit-Baltistan Province, Pakistan. For this purpose, soils were analyzed for Hg concentrations and evaluated for the enrichment/contamination using enrichment factor or contamination factors (CF). The CF values ranged from 18.9 to 153 showed multifold higher levels of Hg contamination as compared to background or reference site. Foodstuffs including vegetables, seeds or grains and fish muscles showed Hg accumulation. Results revealed that Hg concentrations in foodstuffs were higher than the critical human health value set by European Union. The Hg in foodstuffs was consumed and, therefore, evaluated for the risk assessment indices using the daily intake (DI) and health risk index (HRI) for the exposed human population both children and adults. Results of this study revealed that cumulative HRI values through foodstuffs consumption were <1 (within safe limit), but if the current practices continued, then the Hg contamination could pose potential threat to exposed population in near future.