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81.
Cuyler Christine Rowell Janice Adamczewski Jan Anderson Morgan Blake John Bretten Tord Brodeur Vincent Campbell Mitch Checkley Sylvia L. Cluff H. Dean Côté Steeve D. Davison Tracy Dumond Mathieu Ford Barrie Gruzdev Alexander Gunn Anne Jones Patrick Kutz Susan Leclerc Lisa-Marie Mallory Conor Mavrot Fabien Mosbacher Jesper Bruun Okhlopkov Innokentiy Mikhailovich Reynolds Patricia Schmidt Niels Martin Sipko Taras Suitor Mike Tomaselli Matilde Ytrehus Bjørnar 《Ambio》2020,49(3):805-819
Ambio - Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are an integral component of Arctic biodiversity. Given low genetic diversity, their ability to respond to future and rapid Arctic change is unknown, although... 相似文献
82.
Up to now, sediment studies have mainly used standardized aquatic bioassays with organisms of the three trophic levels. Among these, algae are the only representatives of the entire plant kingdom. Bioassays with higher plants have hardly been used for the assessment of sediments. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate that the use of higher plants in biotests for analyses of anthropogenically contaminated sediments yields valuable results, which may be included in a concept for the integrated assessment of waters. The contamination by environmental chemicals was determined in the River Elbe by means of samples taken at the Fahlberg-List industrial site at Magdeburg in combination with studies in a reference area on the Müritz-Elde Waterway (Eldenburger Kanal). Sediment extracts and pore waters were tested with the aquatic lemna test. For comparison, first sediment contact tests withLemna minor were tried out. The whole extract of the sediment from Fahlberg-List Magdeburg and one fraction F5 caused distinct damages of the plants. Obviously, the phytotoxic substances of the whole extract are preferentially concentrated in the highly polar fraction F5. A comparison with chemical analytical data proved that the whole fraction F0 and the fraction F5 were heavily contaminated with chemicals. Assays with pore water from this sediment and with the whole sediment also caused a strong inhibition of growth. These results confirm the high contamination of the sediment from Magdeburg. The tests with the reference sediment suggested only a moderate toxic contamination. The results of this study prove that the selected aquatic plant,Lemna minor, is basically able to indicate contamination. In the aquatic test of the sediment extracts, it showed weak, but very selective, responses to certain classes of contaminants. Fractionating of the sample and subsequent chemical analysis combined with toxicity tests allow to narrow down the groups of substances causing toxic effects. This toxicity was confirmed by analyses of the pore waters and whole sediment samples. Together with other toxicity tests (e.g. standardized bioassays) and combined with biological benthos examinations, an overall judgment can be given for the integrated assessment of waters. 相似文献
83.
Nest Predation and Population Declines in Illinois Songbirds: a Case for Mesopredator Effects 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kenneth A. Schmidt 《Conservation biology》2003,17(4):1141-1150
84.
Holger Borwitzky Helmut Bendig Klaus Gerhard Schmidt 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1997,9(3):127-130
Measurements show that PCN may occur in industrial waste and residues in the mg/kg range. Investigations were carried out with optimized parameters for GC and MS using two different GC/MS-systems. Chromatograms were obtained for a variety of chlorination degrees using capillary columns of different polarities. It is proposed to quantify PCN using relevant single compounds comparable to the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls. 相似文献
85.
The results of investigations of the aquatic ecotoxicity of sternutators and their metabolites (phenyl arsenic compounds) are presented. The standardized luminescence inhibition test (LumisTox, Dr. Lange) with the marine bacteriaVibrio fischeri was applied according to the German norm DIN 38412, part 34. All investigated organic AS(III) compounds exhibit EC50-values (50 % inhibition of the luminescence) of less than 1 mg/l, whereas all investigated organic As(V) compounds and inorganic arsenic show EC50-values exceeding 100 mg/l 相似文献
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89.
H. Schmidt 《Marine Biology》1972,15(3):265-278
Strombolicchio is a rocky islet situated about 1.6 km northeast of the isle of Stromboli. The islet consists of three steep walls having different light and surface conditions. The zonation on the northern wall differs essentially from the zonation found in caves because of the greater turbulence. On smooth rocks near the water surface, there is only one actinian species which resists turbulence, Actinia equina. The best turbulence resisting anthozoan species are the scleractinians (Astroides calycularis Balanophyllia verrucaria). They are followed by stolonial growing forms (Paralcyonium elegans, Cornularia cornucopiae). All other actinians settle in crevices and small holes. The turbulence prevents Parazoanthus axinellae and Corynactis viridis from settling on the smooth rock near the surface. Therefore, these species occur on Strombolicchio only at comparatively deep levels. As a result of being forced to settle in crevices, space competition occurs among the various actinian species. Cereus pedunculatus, Aiptasia mutabilis, and Telmatactis forskalii co-exist, while Anemonia sulcata lives isolated in few crevices only. Contrary to other localities, A. sulcata is not the most abundant actinian species on Strombolicchio. Most frequent are the viviparous forms of Cereus pedunculatus and Actinia equina mediterranea. This mode of reproduction is rather rare in these species in the Mediterranean Sea, but common in the Atlantic Ocean. It is supposed that the viviparous varieties of Strombolicchio are geographical isolates of Atlantic populations. The influence of light on the colour of some anthozoans has also been studied. Zooxanthellae were found to be much more abundant in Aiptasia mutabilis in darkness than in bright surface waters. Gerardia savaglia proved to be quite abundant in deeper caves and on overhanging walls; it is more sciaphilic than Paramuricea clavata. Paralcyonium elegans occurs near the surface as well as at different depth levels; it has been observed in differing growth forms, corresponding to different patterns of turbulence. Alcyonium brioniense is considered to be a growth form of Alcyonium acaule. 相似文献
90.
Karsten Grunewald Christiana Unger Heinz -Jürgen Brauch Wido Schmidt 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2004,16(1):7-14