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Cuyler Christine Rowell Janice Adamczewski Jan Anderson Morgan Blake John Bretten Tord Brodeur Vincent Campbell Mitch Checkley Sylvia L. Cluff H. Dean Côté Steeve D. Davison Tracy Dumond Mathieu Ford Barrie Gruzdev Alexander Gunn Anne Jones Patrick Kutz Susan Leclerc Lisa-Marie Mallory Conor Mavrot Fabien Mosbacher Jesper Bruun Okhlopkov Innokentiy Mikhailovich Reynolds Patricia Schmidt Niels Martin Sipko Taras Suitor Mike Tomaselli Matilde Ytrehus Bjørnar 《Ambio》2020,49(3):805-819
Ambio - Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are an integral component of Arctic biodiversity. Given low genetic diversity, their ability to respond to future and rapid Arctic change is unknown, although... 相似文献
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Angela Francke Juliane Anke Sven Lißner Lisa-Marie Schaefer Till Becker Tibor Petzoldt 《Traffic injury prevention》2019,20(8):10-15
AbstractObjective: A number of studies have already grouped cyclists according to different aspects of their mobility behavior. This could be used e.g., to improve the bicycle infrastructure planning, to detect critical spots and, to reduce obstacles for cycling. This wide, preexisting, range of cyclist typologies usually concentrates on one or two influence factors and differs, content-wise, in both factors used, as well as, methodically. Based on existing cyclist typologies we extracted all possible influence factors to integrate them in one single questionnaire. The objective of this study, using an empirical, based approach, is to compare this typology of cyclists with existing ones, integrating all known influence factors of recent studies.Methods: To address these issues, we conducted a Germany-wide online survey on cycling behavior, covering all relevant aspects we derived from both literature and especially, former cyclist typology studies including: social factors; the impact of environmental, individual; and route factors; as well as motives. The main goal was to identify distinct types of cyclists, and describe them as detailed as possible. The heterogeneous sample included a total of 10,294 responses.Results: Using factor and cluster analyses, a multidimensional typology with four groups of cyclists was derived which were interpreted as: ambitious, functional, pragmatic, and passionate cyclists. In addition, socio-economic factors, cyclist’s motivation, and crash history were analyzed.Conclusion: The results produced by grouping different characteristics of cyclists can lead to policy recommendations or communal bicycle traffic planning. Policy planners can estimate reactions of the different types on interventions and adjust their decisions which can serve to support already passionate cyclists or, encourage normally under-represented infrequent cyclists to cycle more. The extent of perceived safety plays here an important role in the classification, e.g., the handling of high-risk areas for crashes. 相似文献
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