仪征市可持续发展指标体系研究

本文采用了隶属度函数及可持续发展的阶段连续性方程，建立了评价可持续发展的复合指标体系，给出了持续发展的水平及揭示了不同时态持续发展的类型，并以此为基础分析了仪征市近，无期的可持续发展状况，提出了调控的措施。     

城市抗震防灾规划的研究和编制

1引言 在各国政府和研究人员对于减轻各种自然灾害进行的大量研究和实际工作的基础上,目前已有一些分灾种的防灾减灾规划的编制思路和模式可供参考.总的来讲,日美都比较重视应急预案和应急疏散的研究和实施,重视单体工程的抗灾,日本把防灾减灾的措施和城市总体规划合并在一起实施,起到了比较好的效果,美国的研究比较重视城市工程设施的易损性分析,美国FEMA目前正在推广一项计划,即将地震区的主要城市,建立工程设施数据库,并采用专门软件进行实时易损性分析,这些思路都是我国进行抗震防灾规划编制和研究值得借鉴的.     

支持向量机在城市震后火灾损失预测中的应用

针对地震火灾的复杂性和多变性的特点，在综合分析了各种震后火灾损失预测方法的基础上，提出了基于支持向量机的城市震后火灾损失预测模型。以地震火灾的历史资料为依据，建立学习样本和测试样本，并与BP神经网络预测方法相比较，验证了其可行性，也为其它自然灾害的损失预测提供了简单、有效的方法。     

硫酸锰废渣浸出毒性及淋溶特性研究

长沙市兴镇13家硫酸锰厂的生产废渣使当地的生态环境造受到了严重破坏。本文在废渣浸出毒性实验、渣柱淋滤实验以及废渣的全分析基础上,全面地研究了废渣的组成、浸出毒性大小以及在当地酸沉降条件下的淋滤特征,为其安全处置提供了理论基础。研究证明,废渣中重金属种类多、含量高,尤其是锰,高达138800mg/kg。渣的浸出毒性虽未达到国家规定的危险废物鉴别标准,但远超过了《污水综合排放标准》,其衰减可用负指数方程来描述。在酸雨淋溶下,渣中的锰离子会在短时期内大量释放后,维持在一相对较低水平长期释放,对环境威胁巨大。     

水平潜流人工湿地脱氮功效中植物的作用

为了研究芦苇(Phragmites australis)在收割期前/后、湿地床体内部各个区域内、一年四季中在水平潜流人工湿地脱氮效用所起的作用,实验设置了有/无植物2组平行反应器。结果表明,芦苇在收割前/后对于水平潜流人工湿地脱氮效果均有促进作用,植物地上部分氮吸收量占湿地脱氮量的10.2%。在芦苇收割前/后(5月~9月、10月~次年5月),芦苇湿地日均脱氮量分别是无植物湿地的1.55倍与1.11倍。高、矮芦苇不同组织中总氮浓度分布趋势一致,2种芦苇各组织含量分别为:穗(28.69 g/kg)>叶(13.69 g/kg)>茎(5.31 g/kg)、穗(28.06 g/kg)>叶(14.61 g/kg)>茎(8.46 g/kg)。在湿地的各个沿程区域,总氮、氨氮累加去除率变化趋势一致,并且从反应器前部到尾部呈上升趋势,从上部到下部呈下降趋势。有芦苇湿地的脱氮效用优于无植物湿地,且底部氮积累含量也较少。一年四季中有芦苇湿地在各个季节脱氮量是无植物湿地的1.06~1.47倍。     

Carbon dioxide capture using polyethylenimine-loaded mesoporous carbons

A high efficiency sorbent for CO2 capture was developed by loading polyethylenimine (PEI) on mesoporous carbons which possessed well-developed mesoporous structures and large pore volume. The physicochemical properties of the sorbent were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques followed by testing for CO2 capture. Factors that affected the sorption capacity of the sorbent were studied. The sorbent exhibited extraordinary capture capacity with CO2 concentration ranging from 5% to 80%. The optimal PEI loading was determined to be 65 wt.% with a CO2 sorption capacity of 4.82 mmol-CO2 /g-sorbent in 15% CO2 /N2 at 75°C, owing to low mass-transfer resistance and a high utilization ratio of the amine compound (63%). Moisture had a promoting effect on the sorption separation of CO2 . In addition, the developed sorbent could be regenerated easily at 100°C, and it exhibited excellent regenerability and stability. These results indicate that this PEI-loaded mesoporous carbon sorbent should have a good potential for CO2 capture in the future.     

十溴联苯醚对大型蚤和发光菌的毒性研究

利用发光菌和大型蚤2种不同层级的水生生物研究十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)对其的毒性,为多溴联苯醚的生态风险控制提供基础数据和技术参数。大型蚤毒性试验结果表明:BDE-209在24 h和48 h内不足以引起大型蚤死亡,48-EC50>10 mg/L,属于低毒;BDE-209暴露浓度为1 mg/L时,对大型蚤的生长和繁殖没有显著影响。但BDE-209暴露浓度≥10 mg/L时对大型蚤的生存和繁殖会产生较大影响,这是由于BDE-209在慢性试验过程中降解成了多种毒性更强的低溴联苯醚。发光菌急性毒性试验表明,BDE-209对发光菌的剂量-效应曲线为非线性,且急性毒性较小,浓度越高,抑制率越高,高浓度下对发光菌的抑制率变化很小。     

土壤氟化物(全量)的分析与测定

离子选择电极法测定氟化物作为一种成熟的测定方法被广泛应用环境监测等领域.本实验采用离子选择电极法测定土壤中氟含量.但样品前处理过程较复杂,极易造成测定结果的偏离.通过反复实验和比较我们对实验条件进行了优化,同时通过对该方法的准确度和精密度的测试,得到了较好的结果,适合且能满足土壤调查等样品量较大的测定工作要求.     

Chemical formation and source apportionment of PM2.5 at an urban site at the southern foot of the Taihang mountains

The region along the Taihang Mountains in the North China Plain (NCP) is characterized by serious fine particle pollution. To clarify the formation mechanism and controlling factors, an observational study was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the fine particulate matter in Jiaozuo city, China. Mass concentrations of the water-soluble ions (WSIs) in PM_2.5 and gaseous pollutant precursors were measured on an hourly basis from December 1, 2017, to February 27, 2018. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) method and the FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART) model were employed to identify the sources of PM_2.5. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_2.5 was 111 μg/m³ during the observation period. Among the major WSIs, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA) constituted 62% of the total PM_2.5 mass, and NO₃^? ranked the highest with an average contribution of 24.6%. NH₄⁺ was abundant in most cases in Jiaozuo. According to chemical balance analysis, SO₄^2?, NO₃^?, and Cl^? might be present in the form of (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃, NH₄Cl, and KCl. The liquid-phase oxidation of SO₂ and NO₂ was severe during the haze period. The relative humidity and pH were the key factors influencing SO₄^2- formation. We found that NO₃^? mainly stemmed from homogeneous gas-phase reactions in the daytime and originated from the hydrolysis of N₂O₅ in the nighttime, which was inconsistent with previous studies. The PMF model identified five sources of PM_2.5: secondary origin (37.8%), vehicular emissions (34.7%), biomass burning (11.5%), coal combustion (9.4%), and crustal dust (6.6%).     

Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the sediments of the East China Sea bays

The coastal area of the East China Sea has experienced rapid urbanization and industrialization in China since 1980 s, resulting in severe pollution of its environments.Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are regarded as a kind of emerging pollutant with potential high risk. The sediment samples were collected from Hangzhou Bay(HB),Xiangshan Bay(XB), and Taizhou Bay(TB) to investigate the spatial occurrence and distribution of 27 ARGs and class I integron–integrase gene(intI1) in the coastal area of the East China Sea. The PCR results showed the frequent presence of 11 ARGs and intI1 in the sediments of the three bays. The qPCR results further showed that sulfonamide resistance was the most prevalent ARG type and antibiotic target replacement and protection were the most important resistance mechanisms in the sediments. Regarding the subtype of ARGs, sulI, tetW, and dfrA13 were the most abundant ARGs, in which sulI was higher in TB(based on both the absolute and relative abundances) and dfrA13 was higher in HB(based on the relative abundances). The network analysis revealed that intI1 had significant correlations with tetC, sulI, sulII, and blaPSE-1. Oil was the key connected factor, which had positive connections with sulI, sulII, and blaPSE-1. In addition, the joint effect of heavy metals and nutrients organic pollutants might be crucial for the fate of ARGs in the coastal sediments.