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31.
Dimethylphthalate hydrolysis by specific microbial esterase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
TWO BACTERIAL STRAINS: Arthrobacter sp. and Sphingomonas paucimobilis were isolated from soil by enrichment cultures using dimethylphthalate (DMP) or monomethylphthalate (MMP) as sole carbon source, respectively. DMP was rapidly transformed by an Arthrobacter sp. culture with formation of MMP and phthalic acid (PA) which is further degraded. This strain was unable to hydrolyse MMP. A mechanism of degradation of DMP was proposed with two ways: DMP-->PA and DMP-->MMP. The S. paucimobilis strain hydrolyses only MMP and a coculture of the two strains allowed a complete degradation of DMP. 相似文献
32.
Wang S Beasley HL Sumpter SR Kennedy IR 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2003,38(3):281-291
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for pyrithiobac-sodium (Staple) produced by DuPont was validated in Australian soils. This pyrithiobac-sodium ELISA was shown to be highly sensitive with the limit of detection of 4-5 ppt. Soil samples were extracted either in PBS buffer by shaking or by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). While pyrithiobac sodium can be analyzed directly by ELISA after ASE extraction with 1/10 or more dilutions, the analysis of PBS extract required filtration and dilution 1/20 or more depending on the concentration. Immunoassay results compared favorably with GC-MS results for both ASE and PBS extract of incurred residue of pyrithiobac sodium in soil samples, indicating that this ELISA can be an inexpensive and reliable alternative to conventional residue analysis methods for quantification of pyrithiobac-sodium. This validation provided the basis for applying the ELISA to a field study of pyrithiobac-sodium. 相似文献
33.
Antimony bioavailability in mine soils 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Flynn HC Meharg AA Bowyer PK Paton GI 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,124(1):93-100
Five British former mining and smelting sites were investigated and found to have levels of total Sb of up to 700 mg kg(-1), indicating high levels of contamination which could be potentially harmful. However, this level of Sb was found to be biologically unavailable over a wide range of pH values, indicating that Sb is relatively unreactive and immobile in the surface layers of the soil, remaining where it is deposited rather than leaching into lower horizons and contaminating ground water. Sb, sparingly soluble in water, was unavailable to the bacterial biosensors tested. The bioluminescence responses were correlated to levels of co-contaminants such as arsenic and copper, rather than to Sb concentrations. This suggests that soil contamination by Sb due to mining and smelting operations is not a severe risk to the environment or human health provided that it is present as immobile species and contaminated sites are not used for purposes which increase the threat of exposure to identified receptors. Co-contaminants such as arsenic and copper are more bioavailable and may therefore be seen as a more significant risk. 相似文献
34.
Collaborative networks and new ways of knowing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To move beyond legal and regulatory gridlock around water issues in the California Bay-Delta, a new inter-agency initiative, commonly known as CALFED, was created in 1994. CALFED has been an ongoing experiment in policy innovation. Part of the change in management practice has involved constructing new arenas that engage multiple perspectives and transform regulatory impasse into provisional steps forward. We examine the construction of so-called boundary objects, which are forums and policy instruments that cross group boundaries and foster integrative deliberation. We compare the design and action of two boundary objects created by CALFED, namely the Environmental Water Account (EWA) and the Water Use Efficiency (WUE) program. We find that the presence of the boundary object, in itself, does little to explain the success of each policy experiment. Rather, the answer lies in the types of network interactions that result, along with the way meaning is coproduced. In fact, rather than create new patterns of interrelationship (e.g., between fish habitat advocates and pump station operators), the boundary object might further embed institutionalized routines. To more deeply understand what makes the new institution an integrative one, we introduce the concept of Ways of Knowing which explains how new knowledge emerges from the network of new relationships. 相似文献
35.
Vanessa Ecla de Oliveira Ana Paula Vanin Ani Carla Concato Wagner A. Tamagno Helen Treichel Rosilene R. Kaizer 《环境质量管理》2019,29(1):147-154
This study examined behavioral and enzymatic changes of C. elegans from its exposure to aluminum, and the resulting relationship with Alzheimer's disease. After chronic and acute exposure to aluminum, the results indicated that it alters the cholinergic status and behavior parameters of the nematode, suggesting a relationship between exposure to aluminum and the etiology of AD. 相似文献
36.
Regan Lyon Christopher Lyon Helen Markowski Sara L. Boltinhouse 《Traffic injury prevention》2016,17(2):109-113
Objective: Outcomes from previous studies report the driving under the influence (DUI) conviction rates for trauma patients in several cities within Canada and the United States over the last 2 decades. This study reports charge, conviction, and prosecution rates for trauma patients at 2 level I trauma centers servicing a large metropolitan city.
Methods: A retrospective review of the trauma databases was completed to identify patients meeting inclusion criteria. Four hundred sixty patients were identified and their records were compared with the district attorney's records for DUI charges and convictions.
Results: The conviction rate for this study was 8.7%, demonstrating continued low rates of conviction despite growing interest and public awareness of drinking and driving.
Conclusions: We discuss legal considerations that providers should consider when treating patients who have been drinking and driving. 相似文献
37.
Noni Holmes Helen Lingard Zeynep Yesilyurt Fred De Munk 《Journal of Safety Research》1999,30(4):1104-261
A qualitative study of employers' and employees' meanings of occupational health and safety (OHS) risk control was conducted among a sample of small businesses engaged in the Australian construction industry. Two OHS risks relevant to the construction industry were selected for study. One risk (falls from height) represented an immediate consequence, whereas the other (occupational skin disease) represented a long-term health effect. Meanings of the sources and control for these risks were explored during in-depth interviews. Participants perceived the immediate effect, falls from height OHS risk, as being more important in their workplaces than the delayed effect, skin disease OHS risk. The risk of falls from height was perceived to be controllable but requiring a great deal of effort to prevent, whereas there was a fatalistic resignation to the risk of occupational skin disease. Meanings of risk control for both occupational skin disease and falls from height focused on individual rather than technological risk controls. Organizational barriers to the adoption of technological OHS risk controls in the construction industry were identified. 相似文献
38.
Helen Kopnina 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2016,23(2):113-121
Environmental unsustainability is due to both structural features and historically specific characteristics of industrial capitalism resulting in specific patterns of production and consumption, as well as population growth. Sustainability literature criticises the established corporate and political power hegemonies, interested in maintaining economic growth, as well as inability or unwillingness of citizen-consumers to counteract these hegemonic tendencies. Yet, official policies are still targeted at social and economic ‘development’ as a panacea for unsustainability challenges. Instead, renewed accent on social and economic objectives are outlined by a set of sustainable development goals (SDG) that include objectives of fighting poverty, promoting better health, reducing mortality, and stimulating equitable economic growth. What is less commonly critiqued is the underlying morality of unsustainability and ethical questions concerned with the ‘victims of unsustainability’ outside of socioeconomic discourse. The achievement of SDG goals, as will be further elaborated on in this article, is unlikely to lead to greater social equality and economic prosperity, but to a greater spread of unsustainable production and consumption, continuous economic as well as population growth that has caused environmental problems in the first place and further objectification of environment and its elements. This article argues that an invocation of ethical duty toward environment and its elements is required in order to move beyond the current status quo. Such ethical approach to unsustainability can effectively address the shortcomings of the mainstream sustainability discourse that is mainly anthropocentric and therefore fails to identify the correct locus of unsustainability. 相似文献
39.
Three populations of the grazing isopod Idotea balthica were exposed to high CO2 treatment for a period of 20 days to investigate the effect of ocean acidification (OA) on animal health and immunocompetence. The results of the populations from more saline habitats were comparable and showed a 60–80 % decrease in immune response as a result of the high CO2 treatment. Analysis of protein carbonyls showed no treatment effect, indicating that short-term OA does not increase oxidative protein damage. Meanwhile, the third tested population from the lower saline Baltic Sea had higher background protein carbonyl levels. Ocean acidification in addition to this resulted in 100 % mortality. The results of this study show that OA reduced immunocompetence of this marine isopod. In addition, populations and individuals in poor health are potentially at greater risk to succumb under OA. 相似文献
40.
Helen S. Findlay Michael A. Kendall John I. Spicer Stephen Widdicombe 《Marine Biology》2010,157(4):725-735
Ocean acidification and global warming are occurring concomitantly, yet few studies have investigated how organisms will respond
to increases in both temperature and CO2. Intertidal microcosms were used to examine growth, shell mineralogy and survival of two intertidal barnacle post-larvae,
Semibalanus balanoides and Elminius modestus, at two temperatures (14 and 19°C) and two CO2 concentrations (380 and 1,000 ppm), fed with a mixed diatom-flagellate diet at 15,000 cells ml−1 with flow rate of 10 ml−1 min−1. Control growth rates, using operculum diameter, were 14 ± 8 μm day−1 and 6 ± 2 μm day−1 for S. balanoides and E. modestus, respectively. Subtle, but significant decreases in E. modestus growth rate were observed in high CO2 but there were no impacts on shell calcium content and survival by either elevated temperature or CO2. S. balanoides exhibited no clear alterations in growth rate but did show a large reduction in shell calcium content and survival under
elevated temperature and CO2. These results suggest that a decrease by 0.4 pH(NBS) units alone would not be sufficient to directly impact the survival of barnacles during the first month post-settlement.
However, in conjunction with a 4–5°C increase in temperature, it appears that significant changes to the biology of these
organisms will ensue. 相似文献