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71.
Joseph Fiksel 《环境质量管理》1994,4(2):63-70
The twin challenges of increased competition and environmental consciousness are causing companies in the utility industry to re-examine their methods for measuring environmental performance. A new paradigm is emerging which has already appeared in other industries—treating environmental quality as a potential source of profitability and competitive advantage. This article discusses how utilities and industrial companies can develop an environmental performance measurement framework, integrate it into their strategic and operating business practices, and use it for evaluation of alternative environmental strategies. 相似文献
72.
This paper explores the implications of work schedule flexibility for family life. Based on data from the 1977 Quality of Employment Survey, it demonstrates that flexibility of work schedules moderates the effects of nonstandard work schedules on family life. That is, nonstandard work schedules tend to have a less negative association with the quality of family life when accompanied by a high level of schedule flexibility. The paper further demonstrates that this tendency of flexibility to act as a buffer against the negative effects of nonstandard work schedules on family life is more pronounced among working women than working men. 相似文献
73.
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76.
Kellie B. Vach Joseph M. Eilers Mary V. Santelmann 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(3):773-787
ABSTRACT: Simulated water quality resulting from three alternative future land‐use scenarios for two agricultural watersheds in central Iowa was compared to water quality under current and historic land use/land cover to explore both the potential water quality impact of perpetuating current trends and potential benefits of major changes in agricultural practices in the U.S. Corn Belt. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to evaluate the effect of management practices on surface water discharge and annual loads of sediment and nitrate in these watersheds. The agricultural practices comprising Scenario 1, which assumes perpetuation of current trends (conversion to conservation tillage, increase in farm size and land in production, use of currently‐employed Best Management Practices (BMPs)) result in simulated increased export of nitrate and decreased export of sediment relative to the present. However, simulations indicate that the substantial changes in agricultural practices envisioned in Scenarios 2 and 3 (conversion to conservation tillage, strip intercropping, rotational grazing, conservation set‐asides and greatly extended use of best management practices (BMPs) such as riparian buffers, engineered wetlands, grassed waterways, filter strips and field borders) could potentially reduce current loadings of sediment by 37 to 67 percent and nutrients by 54 to 75 percent. Results from the study indicate that major improvements in water quality in these agricultural watersheds could be achieved if such environmentally‐targeted agricultural practices were employed. Traditional approaches to water quality improvement through application of traditional BMPs will result in little or no change in nutrient export and minor decreases in sediment export from Corn Belt watersheds. 相似文献
77.
Land reclamation techniques that incorporate habitat features for herptofaunal wildlife have received little attention. We
assessed the suitability of a wetland, constructed for the treatment of mine-water drainage, for supporting herptofaunal wildlife
from 1988 through 1990 using diurnal and nocturnal surveys. Natural wetlands within the surrounding watershed were also monitored
for comparison. The treatment wetland supported the greatest abundance and species richness of herptofauna among the sites
surveyed. Abundance was a function of the frog density, particularly green frogs (Rana clamitans) and pickerel frogs (R. palustris), while species richness was due to the number of snake species found. The rich mix of snake species present at the treatment
wetland was believed due to a combination of an abundant frog prey base and an amply supply of den sites in rock debris left
behind from earlier surface-mining activities. Nocturnal surveys of breeding male frogs demonstrated highest breeding activity
at the treatment wetland, particularly for spring peepers (Hyla crucifer). Whole-body assays of green frog and bullfrog (R. catesbeiana) tissues showed no differences among sites in uptake of iron, aluminum, and zinc; managanese levels in samples from the treatment
wetland were significantly lower than those from natural wetlands. These results suggest that wetlands established for water
quality improvement can provide habitat for reptiles and amphibians, with the species composition dependent on the construction
design, the proximity to source populations, and the degree of acidity and heavy-metal concentrations in drainage waters. 相似文献
78.
Joseph A. Azzarello 《环境质量管理》1992,2(2):187-191
HermanMiller, Inc. is recognized as one of the most environmentally responsive companies in the United States. It recently received the coveted President'S Environment and Conservation Challenge Award. Top management credits the company'S forty-year-old participatory management tradition as a key to its environmental success. This article shows how these “bottom-up” initiatives have created impressive “bottom-line” results. 相似文献
79.
Joseph L. Pavoni D. Joseph Hagerty Robert E. Lee 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1972,8(6):1091-1107
Since the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring in 1962 there has been a rapidly growing public concern over widespread contamination of the environment with hazardous wastes. In recent years scientific findings on the ecological effects of various hazardous substances have posed several important questions. What exactly are hazardous wastes? Can these substances be disposed of in a technically feasible, economical, and safe way with assurance that they have been permanently eliminated from the ecosystem? What compositional alterations or movements of the hazardous wastes occur in water, soil, or air systems? What effect will these wastes have on the water, soil, or air systems? What effect will these wastes have on the water, soil, or air properties? Consequently, a University of Louisville study has developed a relevant definition of hazardous wastes for the Environmental Engineering profession together with priority of concern rating systems to delineate the degree of environmental impact imposed on a total ecosystem by a hazardous waste and the feasibility of disposing of hazardous substances at specific landfill sites. It is felt that refinements of the priority of concern rating systems offered here may provide a sound basis from which procedural decisions may be structured to establish future national hazardous waste disposal sites. 相似文献
80.
Because organic sorption in soil may never reach equilibrium, a thin-disc flow nonequilibrium method may be helpful in understanding herbicide-soil interactions. This research was conducted to (i) determine the influence of incubation time on imazaquin [2-(4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid] desorption from soil, (ii) examine the influence of solution flow velocities on desorption, and (iii) elucidate the most appropriate kinetic model to describe imazaquin leaching. Soil at 7.5% moisture w/w was treated with imazaquin and incubated for 24, 72, and 168 h. Treated soil was sealed in an in-line filter apparatus and rinsed with 5.0 mM CaCl2 at 0.33, 0.67, or 1.0 mL min(-1). Effluent was collected as 1.0-mL fractions for a total of 50 mL. Flow was stopped for 24 h. When flow resumed, fractions were collected for an additional 15 mL. After the initial desorption, 79% of the imazaquin incubated for 24 h was leached. Increasing incubation time beyond 24 h reduced imazaquin leaching. After both desorption events, 13% of the initially applied imazaquin remained in the soil incubated for 168 h, compared with 7% with soil incubated for 24 h. Elovich and Freundlich kinetics accounted for 98% of the variance observed in the imazaquin desorption curves. First-order and diffusion kinetics accounted for 91% of the variance. Incubating soil for 72 h before desorption reduced the rate of imazaquin desorption by approximately 12%, compared with the 24-h incubation treatment. Imazaquin desorption was not affected by wash solution flow rate. These data suggest that the kinetics of desorption in prolonged desorption events are limited by transport phenomena (i.e., particle and film diffusion). 相似文献