基于噪声指数的首都经济贸易大学校园声环境评价

文章在对首都经济贸易大学校园进行声功能区环境噪声监测的基础上,分析和计算了各区域测点噪声超标值(ΔLAeq)、噪声指数(LKZ)和噪声污染指数(PN);从强度和影响人群人数两个角度评价校园声环境质量。结果表明,首都经济贸易大学校园声环境质量处于较差的水平,噪声强度超标率达到82%;据此,课题对校园噪声污染现状进行了影响分析和声环境质量的等级评定,最后针对污染现状提出了相关措施和建议。     

城市噪声污染管理中的GIS应用研究

噪声污染是城市环境问题四大公害之一,目前它已经成为制约城市人居环境质量提高的重要因素。噪声危害的严峻性和噪声问题的复杂性对环境噪声管理及研究提出了更高的要求。本文在阐述城市噪声污染管理的基础上,研究地理信息系统在噪声源信息描述、数据管理、噪声预测与评价以及基于GIS的噪声地图。通过地理信息系统描述,方便地表示和查询城市各噪声源的地理位置;通过建立噪声预测模型,绘制噪声等值线,提高城市噪声的管理水平和科学性;GIS与噪声地图相结合有利于从多个方面促进环境噪声的控制和消减。     

西安生活垃圾排放量影响因素分析及灰色预测研究

城市生活垃圾的产生量是城市环境卫生事业规划和建设的重要依据,本文运用灰色关联度方法,定量分析了影响西安市生活垃圾产生量的因素,并通过建立灰色预测模型,对西安市未来几年的生活垃圾产生量进行了预测,为西安市的城市规划提供了定量的参考依据。     

安徽及邻区震源深度分布特征研究

本文利用安徽及邻区（29°～35°N,114°～120°E）1976年1月—2009年7月重新定位后的地震目录,统计分析了不同空间范围内的震源深度分布特征,结果表明：安徽及邻区平均震源深度8 km,优势深度分布为5～15 km,其中霍山地区震源深度优势分布为3～8 km。中小地震震源深度在空间分布是不均匀的,安徽中西部...     

微氧+人工湿地组合工艺处理生活污水的试验研究

通过微氧+人工湿地组合工艺对生活污水处理效果的研究,认为该工艺是比较适合农村生活污水处理应用的工艺组合。微氧预处理对COD的平均去除率在30%以上,人工湿地水力负荷为0.2 m3/(m2.d),对COD的平均去除率在60%以上,对NH3-N的平均去除率在30%～40%,该工艺组合的运行费用为0.15～0.20元/t(污水自流进入系统情况下)。     

小麦和水稻对纳米硒的吸收和转运

通过水培试验,研究了不同粒径纳米硒(Se NPs)和不同p H条件对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)及水稻(Oryza sativa L.)吸收、转运硒的影响.结果表明,小麦和水稻对不同粒径(50、100和150 nm) Se NPs的吸收规律不同. 24 h和72 h处理下,小麦根系对3种粒径Se NPs的吸收无显著差异,但其地上部中的硒含量(以干重计,下同)在50 nm Se NPs处理下达到最高,分别为(1. 89±0. 47)μg·g-1和(5. 18±1. 51)μg·g-1.硒在小麦体内的转运系数也在50 nm Se NPs处理24 h时显著高于其他粒径Se NPs处理2. 38倍(P 0. 05).对于水稻而言,50 nm Se NPs处理24 h时根系中的硒含量分别比100 nm和150 nm Se NPs处理增加了11. 18%和41. 81%,但在72 h时3种粒径Se NPs处理间根系对硒的吸收无显著差异.同时,硒在水稻中的地上部含量和转运系数也在50 nm Se NPs处理达到了最大值.另外,p H条件也会影响植物对硒的吸收和转运. Se NPs处理24h时,小麦根系在p H为6时对硒的吸收量最大,并高于亚硒酸盐处理89. 47%,但在p H为4时小麦对硒的转运能力最强.水稻在p H较低时(p H为3. 5和5. 5),对Se NPs的吸收量显著低于亚硒酸盐,且Se NPs在p H为3. 5时更易转运.以上结果表明水稻和小麦均可以吸收Se NPs,并且在p H较低的环境下Se NPs粒径越小越容易在植物体内转运.     

“双碳”目标下中国海洋渔业碳排放效率区域差异及碳减排潜力研究

基于“碳排”和“碳汇”核算中国海洋渔业碳排放量,运用非期望产出超效率SBM模型测算1980-2019年海洋渔业碳排放效率,并用基尼系数、泰尔指数和变异系数等数理统计分析方法定量分析其区域差异,最后测算中国海洋渔业碳减排潜力。结果表明：研究期间海洋渔业碳排放量整体呈逐年增长的趋势;中国海洋渔业碳排放效率平均水平较高,整体呈先上升后缓慢下降的趋势;中国海洋渔业碳排放效率区域差异明显,数理统计分析法测算变动趋势一致性较高,整体呈波动扩大的演变格局;中国海洋渔业碳减排潜力水平相对稳定,整体呈波动上升的趋势,主要分为3个波动期,碳减排潜力类型多样。     

Multicriteria Evaluation of Water Resources Sustainability in the Context of Watershed Management1

Kang, Min‐Goo and Gwang‐Man Lee, 2011. Multicriteria Evaluation of Water Resources Sustainability in the Context of Watershed Management. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(4):813‐827. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00559.x Abstract: To evaluate water resources sustainability at the watershed scale within a river basin’s context, the Water Resources Sustainability Evaluation Model is developed. The model employs 4 criteria (economic efficiency, social equity, environmental conservation, and maintenance capacity) and has 16 indicators, integrating them using their relative weights. The model is applied to evaluate the water resources sustainability of watersheds in the Geum River basin, South Korea. A geographic information system is employed to efficiently build a database for the indicators, and the values of the indicators are normalized using the probability distribution functions fitted to the datasets of the indicators. The evaluation results show that, overall, the water resources sustainability of the watersheds in the upper basin is better than other areas due to the good environmental conditions and the dam management policies of South Korea. The analysis of the correlations among the model’s components and the comparison between the results of the model and the Water Poverty Index show that the model can provide reasonable evaluation results for the water resources sustainability of watersheds. Consequently, it is concluded that the model can be an effective tool for evaluating the states of water resource management from the perspective of sustainable development and provide a basis on which to create policies for improving any inadequacies in watersheds.     

钢管集团清洁生产指标体系评价应用实例

当前,我国已正式颁布实施了针对钢铁行业的一系列清洁生产标准。在这些标准中对钢铁行业的各工序及钢铁行业全流程制定了较为详实的定性、定量及体现整合性的指标体系。但截至目前,钢铁类项目清洁生产指标体系评价的应用情况参差不齐。鉴于此,以天津钢管集团股份有限公司结构调整规划项目为背景案例,分析钢铁行业清洁生产指标体系在实际项目清洁生产水平评价应用中的构架及体系,以通过此应用案例为今后钢铁行业清洁生产评价中的定性分析构架提供参考。     

Material flow analysis of paper in Korea. Part I. Data calculation model from the flow relationships between paper products

The flows of paper are analyzed throughout the papermaking processes, with the year 2007 and Korea defined as the system boundaries. In practice, the statistical data on the production, import and export of paper or pulp can be collected with relative ease from the government and industrial associations. However, the input data regarding the volumes of pulp and wastepaper used in different paper products, such as newsprint, printing papers, sanitary and household papers, specialty papers, and corrugating board base, are difficult to obtain because such information is generally kept confidential in the course of corporate operations.The production processes of paper products in Korea are modeled using information on raw materials, their compositions and production yields of products in order to identify and quantify the amounts of pulp and wastepaper used in each paper product. The material flows of paper are then analyzed based on the calculation model derived from the correlation of input and output flows between the individual processes throughout the entire paper lifecycle. Accuracy analysis using both mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) is conducted to verify the amounts of pulp and wastepaper calculated from the proposed model against the volumes of domestically consumed pulp and wastepaper provided in the national statistics. Although the calculated values for the past (i.e., the 1980s and 1990s) differ to some degree from the statistical values, the data for the 2000s have a relatively higher level of accuracy, with the MAPE of the total pulp and recycling volume at 5.39% and 5.30%, respectively, thus validating the adequacy of the proposed modeling method. The proposed calculation model can be effectively used in the material flow analysis (MFA) of paper to reduce the burden of data collection and obtain relatively accurate results.