Trends of ischemic heart disease mortality attributable to household air pollution during 1990–2019 in China and India: an age-period-cohort analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) caused by household air pollution (HAP) have sparked widespread concern globally in the recent decade. Meanwhile,...     

城市地震防御能力评价和防御水准问题

本文研究了下列两个问题：（１）城市防御地震能力的评价标准和评价方法;（２）考虑了经济投入和人身安全,确定新建建筑设防水准的合理方法。     

Robust Regression with Data-Dependent Regularization Parameters and Autoregressive Temporal Correlations

We introduce robust procedures for analyzing water quality data collected over time. One challenging task in analyzing such data is how to achieve robustness in presence of outliers while maintaining high estimation efficiency so that we can draw valid conclusions and provide useful advices in water management. The robust approach requires specification of a loss function such as the Huber, Tukey’s bisquare and the exponential loss function, and an associated tuning parameter determining the extent of robustness needed. High robustness is at the cost of efficiency loss in parameter loss. To this end, we propose a data-driven method which leads to more efficient parameter estimation. This data-dependent approach allows us to choose a regularization (tuning) parameter that depends on the proportion of “outliers” in the data so that estimation efficiency is maximized. We illustrate the proposed methods using a study on ammonium nitrogen concentrations from two sites in the Huaihe River in China, where the interest is in quantifying the trend in the most recent years while accounting for possible temporal correlations and “irregular” observations in earlier years.     

基于GIS的汉江中下游农业面源氮磷负荷研究

根据汉江中下游农业面源污染治理决策的需求，在大量实地观测资料区域地理与农业环境数据基础上，开发并建立了汉江中下游农业面源动态监测信息系统。以此为技术支持，运用数学模型及其与GIS相结合的技术，研究了汉江中下游农业面源污染的负荷及分布规律。     

固体废弃物资源化利用评价体系及研究方法

从经济、社会政策和环境影响三个角度,运用层次分析法、模糊决策理论和多目标分析3种评价方法以及矩阵、德尔斐法和混合优序图等数学工具,分别对上海市固体废弃物资源化利用所采用的不同方案进行全面综合评价,不同评价方法的研究结果具有一致性,均表明环境影响是相对最重要的影响因素,固体废弃物双向分离系统的建立是最优化的固体废弃物资源化利用方案,也是今后上海固体废弃物资源化利用研究的重点以及努力发展的方向.     

浮动生物床/地下渗滤联合工艺处理校园污水的设计与管理

结合沈阳师范大学的校园污水处理实例,阐明地下渗滤与浮动生物床联合工艺的设计和运营管理的问题.实践证明,采用浮动生物床/地下渗滤工艺对生活污水进行深度处理,投资运行费用低、管理简单、出水水质稳定且优于所要求的回用水水质.     

论中—下扬子“一盖多底”格局与演化

本文是“长江中小下游及邻区构造地质图1／100万”（85－901－03）的研究成果。在区内划分出4种变质基底，结合深部资料确定4个构造—地层地体．讨论了各自组成、历史和相互拼接时代，强调了晚元古代普宁运动在地质发展中的重大意义。认为晋宁运动Ⅰ幕（1000－900Ma）是杨子区内各地体向崆岭—董岭古陆拼贴的增生期．扬子地块形成；晋宁运动Ⅱ幕（800－700Ma）是华北—扬子—华夏地块对接时代．形成古中国大陆。古生代以来为盖层发育阶段。提出中下扬子的“一盖多底”的地壳结构。纵览扬子地块地质发展和演化．可分为四个历史时期：基底发育与古中国大陆形成期；盖层发育与加里东运动；欧亚大陆形成与印支运动；陆缘—板内变形与燕山运动。     

燃煤电厂区域颗粒物及颗粒物汞分布特征研究

对东南沿海平原地区某燃煤电厂不同方位距离的9个采样点进行为期9个月的大气颗粒物采集,以PM_2.5、PM₁₀为对象,研究了颗粒物与颗粒物汞的时空分布,探讨了燃煤电厂排放对周边大气颗粒物与颗粒物汞分布的影响.结果表明：①本研究区PM_2.5平均浓度为78.10 μg·m^-3,其中颗粒物汞平均浓度为294.88 pg·m^-3;PM₁₀平均浓度为114.48 μg·m^-3,其中颗粒物汞平均浓度为363.41 pg·m^-3,均高于海内外众多城市.②冬季颗粒物、碳组分及颗粒物汞的浓度远高于春、夏、秋三季,冬季燃煤量大、逆温等气象因素及远距离污染物传输均造成当地冬季颗粒物累积.③大气颗粒物汞浓度随距电厂距离的增加先增加后降低,最大浓度范围为电厂W-NW方向1.3~2.5 km处.④各采样点均受到多种污染源共同影响,以燃煤尘为主,餐饮油烟、机动车尾气、生物质燃烧和扬尘次之,燃煤电厂对周边区域环境大气可吸入颗粒物主要影响区域为W-NW方向1.3~2.5 km.     

Impact Study on Human Activity to the Resource-environment Based on the Consumption Level Difference of China's Provinces or Autonomous Regions

The study on population and the resource-environment by the consumption may contribute to the further cognition about their correlations and provide the policy references for natural resources use and environmental protection. This article has studied the impact status of the consumption level difference of China's 31 provinces or autonomous regions on the resource-environment in 2005 by per capita consumption expenditure and serial statistical data with unit person method and constructed consumption model and hierarchical cluster analysis. We found several trends. To the intensity that population acting on the resource-environment, four sorts of regions might be divided in 2005, furthermore, most of them were at the level of unit person. Provinces or autonomous regions, located in the developed coastal areas in China, generally have the bigger impact intensity on the resource-environment than the others. That is to say, the natural resources mainly flow from west to east and from north to south, but the environmental loads are shared in the whole China and are likely to be aggravated from east to west reversely. The main causes of imbalance of pressure on the resource-environment should be the difference of consumption level, the unmatchable resource exploitation and utilization, the imbalance of discharging pollutants, and the difference of moderate carrying capacity. To the total impact quantities that population acting on the resource-environment, four sorts of regions were divided in 2005 and the difference of them was notable. Provinces or autonomous regions, having the bigger impact quantities on the resource-environment, are generally located in the eastern and central China while the extended western China is still the weak impact area of the resource-environment consumption or terminal pressure. Provinces or autonomous regions are few, where the total impact quantities are more or less; alternately, those are many, where the total impact quantities rank the middle.     

城市富营养化水域的生物治理和凤眼莲抑制藻类生长的机理

应用凤眼莲生态系统治理了上海市区一条富营养化河浜,使水质改善,由于藻类生长受到控制而水变澄清。凤眼莲抑制藻类生长的作用机制除了对光和矿质营养的竞争外,主要是由于凤眼莲根系向水体分泌化合物,能伤害和清除藻类(剋制作用Allelopaihic effect)。根圈栖生的一种软体动物——水蜗牛,以藻类为食,也是凤眼莲生态系统清除藻类的一个因素。