AOX contamination status and genotoxicity of AOX-bearing pharmaceutical wastewater

Adsorbable organic halogens(AOX) are a general indicator for the total amount of compounds containing organically bonded halogens. AOX concentrations and components were investigated along the wastewater treatment process in four large-scale pharmaceutical factories of China, and genotoxicity based on the SOS/umu test was also evaluated. The results showed that AOX concentrations in wastewater of four factories ranged from 4.6 to 619.4 mg/L, which were high but greatly different owing to differences in the raw materials and products. The wastewater treatment process removed 50.0%–89.9% of AOX, leaving 1.3–302.5 mg/L AOX in the effluents. Genotoxicity levels ranged between 2.1 and 68.0 μg 4-NQO/L in the raw wastewater and decreased to 1.2–41.2 μg 4-NQO/L in the effluents of the wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs). One of the main products of factory I, ciprofloxacin, was identified as the predominant contributor to its genotoxicity. However, for the other three factories, no significant relationship was observed between genotoxicity and detected AOX compounds.     

基于WebGIS的水环境模拟关键技术研究

近年来随着水环境模拟领域的发展出现了较多水环境数学模型,目前日益成熟的WebGIS技术是使模型使用变得简单化和直观化的一大途径.是在通过Flex和ArcGIS Server搭建WebGIS系统平台的基础上,利用PHP进行WebGIS和水环境模拟模型的数据交互,实现系统平台和数值模型的松散耦合.用户在浏览器端进行模型输入条件的设置,模型在远程服务器端进行运行计算,反馈的模拟结果通过RIA在WebGIS中进行多元化动态展示.该方法对一般模型具有适用性,可降低模型使用门槛,提高模拟结果展示和分析能力.     

生态敏感性评价在生态文明建设中的运用研究——以四川省蓬安县为例

以四川省蓬安县为例,基于GIS空间分析技术,结合蓬安当地实际,选取水源涵养、土壤保持能力和生物多样性进行生态敏感性评价,获得蓬安县区域敏感性现状图,并以此为基础构建生态安全格局,该格局注重区域的内在机理与周围的相对联系,保证各生态环境功能区成为具有各自特点、功能和生命活力而又彼此联系的有机体,为其生态文明建设过程中重点领域和重点工程设计规划提供基础支撑,阐明了生态敏感性评价在生态文明建设中的运用,为县级生态文明建设规划做出了贡献.     

地表参数对面源大气预测结果的影响性分析研究

为了研究地表参数取值对AERMOD中面源模拟预测浓度值的影响,文章通过改变粗糙度、反照率和波文比的取值来进行不同地表参数与预测结果的相关性分析,同时采用正交试验法来研究不同地表参数对预测结果的敏感性.相关性分析表明,不同地表参数和预测结果有着很高的相关性.敏感性分析表明,反照率数值变化对小时最大落地浓度的敏感性最大,粗糙度数值变化对日均和年均最大落地浓度的敏感性最大.通过研究可以看出在面源大气预测过程中合理选择地表参数值是准确预测的前提.     

基于"3S"的南京市大气污染源清单网格化空间分配研究

基于GIS、RS、GPS集成技术,依据南京市10大类大气污染源排放和空间分布特征,采用合适的空间分配方法,根据各排放源的相关权重分配因子,构建了南京市2015年大气污染源排放清单1 km×1 km的网格化空间数据库,并基于GIS平台叠加显示形成了2015年南京市大气污染源1 km×1 km空间分布图.结果表明,此次空间分配结果与南京市GDP、路网、人口、农业等相关分布特征相互吻合,说明本研究网格化空间分配方法较为合理可靠,可满足后续空气质量模拟的需求.     

超声波有机溶剂萃取法和改进的Bligh-Dyer法提取甘油二烷基甘油四醚类化合物效果对比

由古菌和细菌产生的甘油二烷基甘油四醚类化合物(GDGTs)是微生物学和古环境研究中的一类重要的生物标志化合物。有机溶剂萃取法和改进的Bligh-Dyer法(简称BD法)是两种常用的提取环境样品中GDGTs的方法,然而目前对这两种方法提取效果的对比研究还比较少。本研究分别采用超声波有机溶剂萃取法和BD法对两个土壤样品和两个湖泊沉积物样品的GDGTs进行了提取。对比分析表明,超声波有机溶剂萃取法提取出的核心脂形式的GDGTs(C-GDGTs)含量较高而BD法通常能提取出更多的完整极性膜脂形式的GDGTs(IP-GDGTs)。另外,两种方法得到的C-GDGTs中TEX_(86)、MBT和CBT指标基本相同,但BD法提取的C-GDGTs的BIT值稍微偏高。这些结果将为土壤和湖泊沉积物样品GDGTs提取方法的选择以及不同研究间各指标的对比提供一定的依据。     

5种磺胺类抗生素在土壤中的吸附和淋溶特性

分别利用振荡平衡法和柱淋溶法研究了5种磺胺类抗生素(磺胺嘧啶,磺胺甲嘧啶,磺胺二甲嘧啶,磺胺二甲氧嘧啶,磺胺甲恶唑)在5种不同土壤中的吸附和淋溶特性及其影响因素.结果表明,磺胺类抗生素在5种供试土壤上的吸附等温线较好地符合Freundlich方程,吸附常数K_d为 0.10~4.39 μg^1-1/n (cm³)^1/n g ^-1;5种磺胺类抗生素在供试土壤中吸附性大致排列顺序为:东北黑土≈无锡水稻土>江西红壤>南京黄棕壤≈陕西潮土.吸附的主要影响因素为土壤pH值和有机质含量:土壤pH值增高,磺胺类抗生素大量转变为阴离子态,吸附减弱;土壤有机质含量增加,吸附增强.5种磺胺抗生素在5种供试土壤中的吸附自由能为 -12.5~-5.3 kJ·mol^-1,表明吸附机理主要是物理吸附.磺胺类抗生素在土壤中具有较强的淋溶性, 淋溶性能从大到小依次为:陕西潮土>南京黄棕壤>江西红壤>无锡水稻土>东北黑土,与吸附试验结果相一致.畜禽养殖使用磺胺类抗生素对地下水污染具有潜在风险,应该引起足够重视.     

Decrease of NH4+-N by bacterioplankton accelerated the removal of cyanobacterial blooms in aerated aquatic ecosystem

We used aerated systems to assess the influence of the bacterioplankton community on cyanobacterial blooms in algae/post-bloom of Lake Taihu, China. Bacterioplankton community diversity was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) fingerprinting. Chemical analysis and nitrogen dynamic changes illustrated that NH4+-N was nitrified to NO2-N and NO3-N by bacterioplankton. Finally, NH4+-N was exhausted and NO3-N was denitrified to NO2-N, while the accumulation of NO2-N indicated that bacterioplankton with completely aerobic denitrification ability were lacking in the water samples collected from Lake Taihu. We suggested that adding completely aerobic denitrification bacteria(to denitrify NO2-N to N2)would improve the water quality. PCR-DGGE and sequencing results showed that more than 1/3 of the bacterial species were associated with the removal of nitrogen, and Acidovorax temperans was the dominant one. PCR-DGGE, variation of nitrogen, removal efciencies of chlorophyll-a and canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the bacterioplankton significantly influenced the physiological and biochemical changes of cyanobacteria. Additionally, the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means revealed there was no obvious harm to the microecosystem from aeration. The present study demonstrated that bacterioplankton can play crucial roles in aerated ecosystems, which could control the impact of cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophicated fresh water systems.     

固定污染源烟气中氧含量监测方法比对

为了解电化学法、激光法、氧化锆法在测定固定污染源烟气中氧含量时存在的差异,进行方法比对实验,结果表明这三种方法均具有较好的精密度.对这三种方法测定结果进行t检验,结果表明三种监测方法间无显著性差异.     

特别排放限值对石化企业发电锅炉达标排放的影响分析

根据环境保护部新发布的《关于执行大气污染物特别排放限值的公告》和GB13223-2011,结合重点地区石化企业燃煤发电锅炉的大气污染物排放情况,从脱硫、脱硝、除尘、脱汞4个方面对特别排放限值实施后可能对企业环保达标产生的影响进行了分析,并提出对策建议。