电弧炉炼钢工艺二恶英节能型防治措施

介绍了二恶英的结构、毒性,并论述了电弧炉冶炼过程中二恶英的生成途径,重点对电弧炉尾气处理技术中,几种二恶英的防治措施进行了节能方面的比较,提出了电弧炉炼钢工艺中最节能的二恶英防治措施。     

Historical changes in the major and trace elements in the sedimentary records of Lake Qinghai,Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: implications for anthropogenic activities

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Sediment sequences in Lake Qinghai spanning the past 100 years were explored to assess the effects of changes in local land desertification, dust...     

半干旱区春季沙尘气溶胶谱分布的观测研究

为研究半干旱区沙尘细粒子的粒谱特征,利用WPS粒谱仪对内蒙古朱日和地区春季粒径为0.01~10.0mm的沙尘气溶胶进行了40多天的连续观测,得到不同天气条件下的气溶胶谱分布.研究表明,沙尘气溶胶有明显的日分布规律,不同天气背景下的沙尘气溶胶浓度变化特征不同,受气象要素影响较大.非沙尘日和沙尘日均有浓度变化较稳定的粒径段,沙尘日出现稳定粒径段的粒径小于非沙尘日,2种天气背景下的平均谱在0.07~0.20mm;非沙尘日、沙尘日和沙尘时段的气溶胶谱型在0.01~0.1mm、0.1~1.0mm和1.0~10mm 3个粒径段分布明显不同,分别符合对数正态分布、Lorentz分布和负指数分布.     

区域承灾体脆弱性指标体系与精细量化模型研究

灾害损失的严重程度由致灾环境的危险性、承灾体的脆弱性,以及区域的应急能力决定的。承灾体脆弱性研究对灾害风险管理、区域防灾减灾、减灾投资,以及灾害保险等有着重要的意义。建立了针对自然灾害的区域承灾体脆弱性评估指标体系;在此基础上,引入精细化土地类型,基于GIS对承灾体脆弱性做了基于精细网格的量化模型研究;并以浙江德清县自然灾害区划为例进行了试验。     

氨法脱硫工艺硫酸铵颗粒生成与排放的影响因素分析

针对氨法脱硫工艺实践过程中出口硫酸铵颗粒物浓度高的现象,通过测试某氨法脱硫塔结构优化前、后不同运行条件下净烟气硫酸铵浓度,分析烟气处理量、浆液含固量、烟气温度、工艺水淋洗等因素对其浓度变化的影响规律,提出了氨法脱硫工艺改造的新思路。结果表明:硫酸铵能穿透采样的滤膜与滤筒;优化前、后出口硫酸铵浓度随锅炉负荷的增长而加速增长,随浆液含固量的增加(由5%增加至45%)先加速增长,然后(由45%增加至55%)增长速度逐渐减小,随喷淋水量的增加而降低;浆液含固量与烟气温度是影响硫酸铵析出量,导致出口硫酸铵逃逸的关键因素。因此,降低烟气温度与缩短浆液含固量高条件下的运行时间能是氨法脱硫改造的新思路。     

水体中悬浮颗粒物对总磷自动监测仪测试的影响

为保障自动监测数据的准确性,提升水质自动监测系统中水样前处理效果,对几种常用的预处理方式进行比较,分析了低浊度时预处理方式及颗粒物成分对总磷测试的影响,对比不同预处理方式对监测数值的影响、总磷自动监测仪测试数据与实验室监测测试数据的差异,减少水体中悬浮颗粒物对总磷自动监测仪测试的影响.     

Adaptation planning for sea level rise: a study of US coastal cities

Sea level rise (SLR) is expected, even without greenhouse gas emissions. As SLR is inevitable, adapting to its impacts has received increasing attention, and local governments are the key actors in this emerging agenda. This study indicates that adaptation planning for SLR should be integrated into two local major planning mechanisms in the United States: the local comprehensive plans and hazard mitigation plans. By evaluating 36 plans from 15 US coastal cities that are considered at high risk and vulnerable to rising sea levels, the results demonstrate that SLR is widely identified, but the overall quality of the plans to address it requires significant improvement. A detailed table of selected plans' characteristics is also provided as a lens on how localities tackle this challenging issue. The paper concludes with planning suggestions for coastal communities to better adapt to SLR.     

Characteristics of volatile compounds removal in biogas slurry of pig manure by ozone oxidation and organic solvents extraction

Biogas slurry is not suitable for liquid fertilizer due to its high amounts of volatile materials being of complicated composition and peculiar smell. In order to remove volatiles from biogas slurry efficiently, the dynamic headspace and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to clear the composition of volatiles. Nitrogen stripping and superfluous ozone were also used to remove volatiles from biogas slurry. The results showed that there were 21 kinds of volatile compounds in the biogas slurry, including sulfur compounds, organic amines, benzene, halogen generation of hydrocarbons and alkanes, some of which had strong peculiar smell. The volatile compounds in biogas slurry can be removed with the rate of 53.0% by nitrogen stripping and with rate of 81.7% by the oxidization and stripping of the superfluous ozone. On this basis, the removal rate of the volatile compounds reached 99.2% by chloroform and n-hexane extraction, and almost all of odor was eliminated. The contents of some dissolved organic compounds decreased obviously and however main plant nutrients had no significant change in the biogas slurry after being treated.     

固体废物浸出液中毒杀芬的分析研究

毒杀芬由于高毒性、高稳定性及生物累积性而备受关注,它由1000多种化合物组成.固废浸出液成分较复杂,建立准确可靠的固体废物浸出液中毒杀芬的分析方法具有重要意义.通过优化毒杀芬分析的色谱分析条件与固体废物浸出液中毒杀芬的前处理方法、探索其定性定量方法,建立了毒杀芬"数量化"的定性模式,最终建立固体废物浸出液中毒杀芬含量的分析方法.所建立方法的校准曲线相关系数大于0.998,检出限为1.16 g·L-1,RSD为5.01%,该方法被用于实际固体废物浸出液中毒杀芬的分析,回收率良好.方法的"数量化"的定性模式有望用于其他混合物的定性分析.     

煤炭开发西移对环境的影响与对策

论述了煤炭工业重点西移,西部煤炭开发对环境的主要影响,提出了西部煤炭开发过程中,解决水资源匮乏及防止水土流失和沙漠化的具体可行的技术途径。