四川升钟水库景区消费生态足迹研究

本文基于生态足迹与岛屿理论,对升钟水库国家4A级水利工程类旅游景区的原住居民和外来旅游者的食物消费状况作出评判.2013年升钟景区总的消费生态足迹为97 695 hm2,人均消费生态足迹为0.756 hm2/人.在生态足迹视角下对比景区的生产消费状况,反映出景区产业结构不合理等问题.建议今后要对景区的产业作出一定的调整,即消减盈余的猪肉、粮食、水果、蔬菜、豆类、鱼的生产性土地面积,增加牛羊肉、牛奶、糖类、蛋类的生产性土地面积,适当控制常住居民人口数量,积极发展生态旅游,增加游客人数,提高当地居民的生活水平,走可持续发展道路.     

蒲河流域污染源水污染物监测指标筛选研究

科学合理的监测指标对污染源水污染物总量监控体系的构建至关重要。针对监测指标单一、缺乏代表污染源排污情况的特征性监测指标,开展污染源监测指标的优化与筛选。以示范区蒲河流域内机制纸及纸板制造行业为研究对象,采用综合评分法和三参量综合评价指数法进行监测指标的优化与筛选,建立了由COD、氨氮、悬浮物、油类、硫化物、氯化物、挥发酚及AOX等8项监测指标组成的指标体系,为构建动态、智能的辽河流域水环境安全及污染物总量监控体系提供理论依据和技术支撑。     

Spatial heterogeneity of lake eutrophication caused by physiogeographic conditions: An analysis of 143 lakes in China

In order to identify the effect of geographic characteristics on the variations of nutrient concentrations and the utilization efficiency of nutrients by phytoplankton, data from 143 lakes, from 2008 to 2010, including three very different types of topography, i.e., the first topography ladder(FTL), second topography ladder(STL), and third topography ladder(TTL), were statistically analyzed. Lakes in the FTL and STL, located at high elevation(above1000 m) and low longitudes(lower than 105° E), were sporadically oligotrophic, whereas lakes in the TTL were almost all mesotrophic and eutrophic. The trophic level index(TLI)became higher with the rise of longitude. Two turning points(5 and 15°C) on the curve of TLI as function of the average annual temperature(AAT) corresponded with the AAT in different lake regions in the STL and TTL. Because the responses of TLI to AAT differ significantly, there were variations of nutrient and algal biomass concentrations in different lake regions in the same type of topography ladder. According to the differences in utilization efficiency of total nitrogen or total phosphorus by phytoplankton, China could be partitioned into six lake regions. Scientific nutrient criteria for each lake region shall be established considering these differences in China.     

Abatement of SO2–NOx binary gas mixtures using a ferruginous active absorbent: Part I. Synergistic effects and mechanism

A novel ferruginous active absorbent, prepared by fly ash, industrial lime and the additive Fe(VI), was introduced for synchronous abatement of binary mixtures of SO₂–NOx from simulated coal-fired flue gas. The synergistic action of various factors on the absorption of SO₂ and NOx was investigated. The results show that a strong synergistic effect exists between Fe(VI) dose and reaction temperature for the desulfurization. It was observed that in the denitration process, the synergy of Fe(VI) dose and Ca/(S + N) had the most significant impact on the removal of NO, followed by the synergy of Fe(VI) and reaction temperature, and then the synergy of reaction temperature and flue gas humidity. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an accessory X-ray energy spectrometer (EDS) were used to observe the surface characteristics of the raw and spent absorbent as well as fly ash. A reaction mechanism was proposed based on chemical analysis of sulfur and nitrogen species concentrations in the spent absorbent. The Gibbs free energy, equilibrium constants and partial pressures of the SO₂–NOx binary system were determined by thermodynamics.     

A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase transfer protocol for the highly efficient extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous phase

A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase-transfer protocol is developed for the extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous solution to a hydrocarbon phase, which calls for first mixing the aqueous metal ion solution with an ethanolic solution of 1-dodecanethiol, and then extracting the coordination compounds formed between noble metal ions and1-dodecanethiol into a non-polar organic solvent. A number of characterization techniques,including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that this protocol could be applied to extract a wide variety of noble metal ions from water to dichloromethane with an efficiency of 96%, and has high selectivity for the separation of the noble metal ions from other transition metals. It is therefore an attractive alternative for the extraction of noble metals from water, soil, or waste printed circuit boards.     

生物强化滤池-O_3-BAC系统对微污染河水的深度净化研究

为提高生物滤池-臭氧氧化-生物活性炭滤池组合工艺系统对微污染地表水中主要污染物的去除效率,文章考察了生物强化条件下该组合系统的性能。利用PCR-DGGE技术进行各单元中微生物多样性对比分析,并采用生物毒性效应测试进行该项组合工艺出水水质的生态安全性考察。此外,通过显微镜和扫描电镜进行生物单元填料中微生物膜形态研究。结果表明:生物强化滤池单元中高效工程菌的添加有效改善了系统内微生物浓度低的问题并提高了系统对主要污染物的去除效率,生物强化滤池填料中微生物多样性指数和物种数均高于其他工艺单元。生物滤池中生物膜形态、颜色和厚度具有沿水流方向渐变的特点。原水经生物强化组合系统深度处理后可有效降低水中生物毒性,包括部分急性毒性特征物质和致癌风险值的削减。     

水中典型含氮有机物氯化生成消毒副产物的潜能研究

选取了受污染原水中广泛存在的12种含氮有机物（除草剂、杀虫剂、氨基酸、工业品等）,开展了氯化和氯胺化培养生成典型消毒副产物的实验,目的是通过对水中脲类除草剂、嗪类除草剂和其他含氮化合物培养生成不同消毒副产物的生成量,讨论不同种类含氮化合物生成含碳和含氮消毒副产物规律以及考察不同消毒副产物的可能前体物.研究发现,脲类除草...     

酒店通风系统噪声治理及降噪效果模拟预测

本文结合某酒店通风系统噪声治理实例,根据进、排风口空间分布,气流噪声频谱特性等参数,采用Cadna/A软件对噪声源进行了建模,预测了不同楼层进、排风口安装具有不同消声量的消声器后关心点处降噪量。结果表明,酒店通风系统室外进、排风口消声器的消声量可根据各风口噪声对关心点的噪声贡献值大小合理确定消声量,在此基础上根据进、排风口气流噪声频谱等参数设计消声器;只要声学建模合理(特别是声源声功率级等参数取值),借助Cadna/A可较为有效地进行声源识别,确定各进、排风口对各关心点的噪声贡献值大小。     

Photolysis kinetics and influencing factors of bisphenol S in aqueous solutions

The photodegradation of bisphenol S (BPS) in aqueous solutions was studied under different conditions. Photolysis and kinetics were investigated, as were the photolysis mechanism and the influences of initial pH value, light source, and environmental substances in water. The results showed that the photolysis of BPS occurred under UV light, and the rate increased with light source intensity. The photolysis of 5.0-50.0 mg/L BPS in water followed first-order kinetics: the rate was γ= 0.0161C_BPS under a 40-W UV-lamp, and the degradation half-life was 43.1 min. Due to its absorption of light, direct photolysis of BPS was a predominant pathway for BPS but was not obviously affected by reactive oxygen species. The results confirmed that the photolysis rates of BPS in alkaline water solution were faster than those in acidic and neutral water solution because of the ionization of BPS. The photodegradation rate of BPS increased in the presence of chloride and ferric ions, while the rate was inhibited by nitrate and phosphate in aqueous solution.     

Efficient low-temperature soot combustion by bimetallic Ag–Cu/SBA-15 catalysts

In this study, the effects of copper(Cu) additive on the catalytic performance of Ag/SBA-15 in complete soot combustion were investigated. The soot combustion performance of bimetallic Ag–Cu/SBA-15 catalysts was higher than that of monometallic Ag and Cu catalysts. The optimum catalytic performance was acquired with the 5 Ag_1-Cu_(0.1)/SBA-15 catalyst, on which the soot combustion starts at T_(ig)= 225°C with a T_(50)= 285°C. The temperature for 50% of soot combustion was lower than that of conventional Ag-based catalysts to more than 50°C(Aneggi et al., 2009). Physicochemical characterizations of the catalysts indicated that addition of Cu into Ag could form smaller bimetallic Ag–Cu nanolloy particles, downsizing the mean particle size from 3.7 nm in monometallic catalyst to 2.6 nm in bimetallic Ag–Cu catalyst. Further experiments revealed that Ag and Cu species elicited synergistic effects, subsequently increasing the content of surface active oxygen species. As a result, the structure modifications of Ag by the addition of Cu strongly intensified the catalytic performance.