浅谈燃煤热水锅炉的安全管理

中国石化胜利油田热电联供中心胜南热力大队现有58MW的燃煤热水锅炉4台,分别于2006年10月和2009年10月相继投产运行,自机组投运以来曾多次出现故障,影响了机组的安全运行。热力大队对此非常重视,专门成立了链条炉机组运行可靠性攻关小组,从燃烧运行控制、燃料控制、检修工艺控制等多个方面进行综合治理。     

牡丹江流域水质变化趋势及水环境污染特征研究

通过对牡丹江近10年水质监测、评价及变化趋势研究,采用单项污染指数评价法、环境功能区达标评价法,评价牡丹江丰水期、平水期、枯水期水质现状,给出超标项目与超标倍数,计算污染分担率、污染负荷比,绘制主要污染物各断面浓度变化图,总结牡丹江污染特点和水质变化趋势,得出牡丹江水环境污染特征,为环境管理提供科学依据。     

An autotrophic nitrogen removal process：Short-cut nitrification combined with ANAMMOX for treating diluted effluent from an UASB reactor fed by landfill leachate

A combined process consisting of a short-cut nitrification (SN) reactor and an anaerobic ammonium oxidation upflow anaerobic sludge bed (ANAMMOX) reactor was developed to treat the diluted effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating high ammonium municipal landfill leachate.The SN process was performed in an aerated upflow sludge bed (AUSB) reactor (working volume 3.05 L),treating about 50% of the diluted raw wastewater.The ammonium removal efficiency and the ratio of NO 2 N to NOx-N in the effluent were both higher than 80%,at a maximum nitrogen loading rate of 1.47 kg/(m 3 ·day).The ANAMMOX process was performed in an UASB reactor (working volume 8.5 L),using the mix of SN reactor effluent and diluted raw wastewater at a ratio of 1:1.The ammonium and nitrite removal efficiency reached over 93% and 95%,respectively,after 70-day continuous operation,at a maximum total nitrogen loading rate of 0.91 kg/(m 3 ·day),suggesting a successful operation of the combined process.The average nitrogen loading rate of the combined system was 0.56 kg/(m 3 ·day),with an average total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency 87%.The nitrogen in the effluent was mostly nitrate.The results provided important evidence for the possibility of applying SN-ANAMMOX after UASB reactor to treat municipal landfill leachate.     

Concentrations of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in needles of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) growing nearby di erent industrial sources

Emissions from industrial activities pose a serious threat to human health and impose the need for monitoring both inorganic and organic pollutants in industrial areas.We selected Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) as potential biomonitor and collected the current (C) and previous year (C+1) needles from three industrial sites dominated by petrochemical, ceramics manufacturing, and iron and steel smelting plants and one remote site to determine heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni and Co) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in unwashed and water-washed needles. Both unwashed and washed C+1 needles showed generally higher concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs than C needles, although the washed needles more clearly spotlighted the accumulation e ect of PAHs over exposure time. Water-washing resulted in a significant decrease in needle PAH concentrations with more significant e ects shown in C needles. By contrast, needle heavy metal concentrations were much less a ected by washing. Although heavy metals and PAHs might di er in adsorption and uptake strategies, their higher concentrations in the needles at the industrial sites indicated conspicuous contamination due to industrial emissions there. The PAH distribution patterns in pine needles accorded with the real types of energy consumption in the study sites and were e ciently used for pinpointing local pollutant sources.     

水中重金属在线监测技术发展概述

近年来重金属污染事件层出不穷,重金属污染的监测已经成为国家和人民关注的重点问题。介绍了水中重金属在线监测仪器的主要应用技术,并指出技术的适用范围和优劣点,同时对水质重金属在线监测仪的发展前景提出几点意见。     

Comprehensive health condition assessment on partial sewers in a southern Chinese city based on fuzzy mathematic methods

A self-developed sewer health assessment system using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytical hierarchy process was applied to give a comprehensive health condition evaluation on part of the local sewers in a southern Chinese city based on the sewer video data collected by a sewer inspection closed circuit television （CCTV） robot. Aside from the overall condition evaluation, the structure, function, and stability status of the sewer were also analyzed using the method. A comprehensive index H was proposed to give the overall health condition of pipes with different defects, and Ht, Hs, and If were used to quantify the defects affecting the tightness, stability, and function of the pipe, respectively. Results show that 48% of the inspected pipes were in good condition （0〈H〈0.25）, and about 33% of the sewer pipes analyzed were categorized to be at severe or urgent condition levels （H 〉 0.5）, although most of the pipes were installed only within five years. Frequent sedimentation affects the function of the sewer, and deformation and joint damage affect the structure of the sewer.     

一起立式锅炉爆炸事故原因分析及隐患排查

采用现场勘察、光谱分析和金相检验等方法对一起立式锅炉爆炸事故进行原因分析,发现该锅炉制造时存在严重未焊透的设备缺陷和其他使用管理方面的问题.为此制定了超声波检测工艺,对本地区同一制造厂生产的在用锅炉进行隐患排查.对排查发现存在严重制造缺陷的锅炉进行现场维修或召回,对排查发现的使用管理方面的问题也一并跟踪整改.     

EGSB反应器处理含氯苯有机废水的试验研究

在间歇条件下,针对未接触和接触过氯苯的颗粒污泥,研究了氯苯对它们产甲烷活性的抑制及恢复;在动态条件下,研究了EGSB反应器处理含氯苯有机废水的情况.结果表明,不同浓度的氯苯均会对未接触氯苯的颗粒污泥的活性产生抑制;而接触过氯苯的颗粒污泥具有一定适应能力,只有氯苯浓度为100mg/L时才有较明显抑制.在动态运行过程中,进水氯苯浓度为10～50mg/L,前65天出水氯苯浓度均低于7mg/L,66d后出水氯苯浓度突增至25mg/L以上,停止投加氯苯后,出水氯苯浓度在3.4～38.32mg/L之间无规律波动,说明反应器内颗粒污泥对氯苯有较强吸附,生物降解作用不明显.     

主动脉动气流分选处理废弃催化剂

废弃催化剂重整后含有富集贵金属的海绵体和烧结磁珠,二者的有效分选是提纯贵金属富集体的重要环节。主动脉动气流分选装置能够对此物料进行干法分选,避免了湿法分选对物料的改性,有利于贵金属富集体的后续提纯。介绍了主动脉动气流分选装置的结构,分析主动脉动气流分选机理及其动力学模型。通过实际物料进行分选试验。结果表明,在脉动频率为7/3 Hz,气流流速为2.50~6.00 m/s时,总分选效率Ef高于94.50%;在气流流速为3.33 m/s时,分选效率最高,总分选效率Ef可达97.63%。     

污泥龄对LSP ＆ PNR污泥减量新工艺运行效能的影响

通过研究分析污泥龄（SRT）对富磷污水除磷的LSP＆PNR污泥减量新工艺运行效果的影响,结果发现,延长污泥龄有利于提高系统的厌氧释磷能力,但不影响其总的除磷率,同时磷的回收比例增大,当SRT=50 d时,磷回收率取得最大值70.4%;LSP＆PNR系统污泥龄增加,还有利于污泥产率的降低。试验还发现,排富磷污水除磷的长污泥龄LSP＆PNR系统的除磷效率与污泥产率之间不存在制约关系,即系统可以同时获得优异的污泥减量与生物除磷效果,当SRT=50 d时,每降解1 kg COD仅产生0.143 kg污泥,而除磷率达最高值92.8%;LSP＆PNR系统中SRT、DO与SVI之间存在一定的相关性,在供氧充足（DO=0.8-1.5 mg/L）条件下,SRT增加,SVI越高,但对于SRT为50 d的LSP＆PNR系统,稳定运行时没有污泥膨胀之虞。