我国县城污水处理设施投融资路径优化研究

县城污水处理设施水平是决定城镇开发利用的关键因素,也是防止新冠疫情二次传播的有效防线.中国县城污水处理能力已从2001年的454.8万t/d增长至2019年的3587.0万t/d,污水处理及其再生利用投资也从5.3亿元增长至176.0亿元,但仍面临财政筹资不足、吸引社会资金难度增加、收费定价机制尚需完善等问题和障碍.针...     

Characteristics of heavy metal absorption of river bed sludge components

Chronic inhalation of aerosols of different Cd compounds by rats gave sufficient evidence that inhaled Cd is a lung carcinogen in rats. In contrast, the evidence in humans has been termed limited that inhaled Cd causes lung cancer in occupationally exposed humans. In order to assess the carcinogenic potential of ambient air concentrations of Cd, the accumulated dose of Cd in lung tissue from a rat inhalation study was modelled taking into account deposition and retention of Cd in the lung. A lung Cd—cancer incidence relationship could then be established, and an equivalent human exposure could be calculated using man specific pulmonary Cd retention and deposition data for Cd containing particle sizes in the ambient air. Linear interpolation to low doses showed that the pulmonary carcinogenic risk from inhalation of environmental airborne Cd is generally very low, but may reach about 1 × 10^‐4 in polluted industrialized areas. Combined exposures to Cd plus other carcinogens or air pollutants may increase the risk considerably. Cd in cigarette mainstream smoke was estimated to contribute less than 5 % of the total lung cancer risk from smoking cigarettes. However, the influence of co‐exposure to other compounds in cigarette smoke is not known and should be taken into account.     

Assessing carbon footprint in the life cycle of accommodation services: the case of an international tourist hotel

The accommodation sector is the most demanding energy consumer among all building stock categories. This study quantifies an international tourist hotel in Taiwan to holistically estimate the greenhouse gas emissions of hotel accommodation services through a complete life cycle inventory. The study also investigates the difference between the carbon emissions of the baseline and reduction years to understand the effects of carbon emission reduction on the hotel industry. Results show that energy consumption is the main source of carbon footprint. However, the carbon emissions of other activities, such as the production and transportation of hotel amenities and laundry services, are 15.90% for the baseline year and 16.03% for the reduction year. These values are larger than the 5% cutoff rule according to PAS 2050. Thus, these factors should also be considered in assessing the carbon emissions of accommodation services. Hotel occupancy rate significantly affects carbon emissions during a one-night stay in a standard room as the functional unit. The selection of the functional unit should be considered in the hotel strategy. Although this case study involves an international tourist hotel in Taiwan, the findings and recommendations for improvements can be applied elsewhere.     

Recycling rates of waste home appliances in Taiwan

The objective of this study is to provide a calculation of recycling rates of waste home appliances in Taiwan, for the EPA to amend these rates in order to increase the recycling efficiency. The recycling rate is calculated by a formula according to the statistical results obtained through: (1) an estimation of domestic use of home appliances using time series analysis with multiplicative seasonal ARIMA model, (2) a further estimation of generated waste home appliances based upon the estimated domestic use and the corresponding distribution of lifetime span, and (3) a cost analysis of recycling home appliances based on a sampling survey with stratified systematic sampling conducted among collectors and a survey on five recycling plants of waste home appliances. The suggested recycling rates in this study finally used by the EPA show that all of the recycling rates have increased compared with the rates in previous years. This study also implies that amending the recycling rates may only solve some recycling problems temporarily; however, the recycling system of waste home appliances in Taiwan has to be reformed to increase the recycling efficiency for the long term.     

泥石流危险性评价研究进展

综述了国内外泥石流危险性评价方法的研究现状,分别介绍了国内单沟泥石流和区域泥石流的危险度研究方法,针对单沟泥石流和区域泥石流的不同特征,提出了其改进和完善的建议,并对泥石流危险性评价方法的发展方向和趋势进行了讨论。     

钴活化过一硫酸盐氧化过程中卤代副产物的生成

活化过硫酸盐产生的硫酸根自由基(SO~(·-)_4)可以降解大多数有机污染物,被广泛用于地下水、土壤修复等领域.本研究发现在钴活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)高级氧化过程中,溴离子会被SO~(·-)_4氧化生成自由溴,继而和苯酚反应生成溴代苯酚,最终生成三溴甲烷和二溴乙酸等副产物.当反应液中苯酚初始浓度为0.05 mmol·L~(-1)、Br~-浓度0.2 mmol·L~(-1)、Co~(2+)浓度5μmol·L~(-1)、PMS浓度1 mmol·L~(-1)、p H为6.0时,三溴甲烷和二溴乙酸的生成随反应的进行先增加后降低,在8 h达到最大,分别为10.3μmol·L~(-1)和14.6μmol·L~(-1).卤代副产物的生成随p H的升高而降低.当卤离子总量保持不变,随着溶液中Cl~-/Br~-比例的增加,卤代副产物的生成总量逐渐降低,而含氯副产物的产量逐渐增加.本研究为全面评价过硫酸盐高级氧化工艺在污染控制方面的应用可行性提供了依据.     

碳达峰碳中和目标下可再生能源产业财税金融支持政策研究

能源作为经济社会发展的重要物质基础,也是碳排放的主要来源,推动能源结构调整、大力发展可再生能源产业是实现碳达峰碳中和目标的必然要求。为了促进可再生能源产业发展,国家实施了一系列财税宏观调控政策。本文在梳理政策现状的基础上,对存在的问题进行了识别,包括弃风弃光现象影响财政资金使用效益、可再生能源电价补贴不到位、财税优惠政策形式相对单一、优惠政策执行的配套机制不足等。从建立、完善可再生能源电力消纳保障机制,多种渠道解决可再生能源补贴缺口问题,进一步完善税收优惠政策,适时优化调整财政支持政策,与其他政策协同发挥作用等方面提出了政策优化建议。     

松花江流域河流沉积物中多氯联苯的分布、来源及风险评价

为查明松花江流域沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)分布、来源及污染现状,利用GC-ECD和GC-MS测定松花江流域沉积物中PCBs含量,并运用美国国家环保署法(EPA)、加拿大沉积物环境质量标准(SQG)和潜在生态危害指数法(Er)对沉积物中PCBs生态风险进行评价.结果表明,河流沉积物中均有2～10氯代的PCBs同系物被检出;松花江流域沉积物中PCBs含量介于0.83～125.53 ng.g-1,其中嫩江为0.83～4.44 ng.g-1,第二松花江为12.44～125.53 ng.g-1,松花江干流为1.74～6.25ng.g-1;沉积物中PCBs含量最高的是第二松花江,主要来源于沿江分布的与油漆、绝缘材料等工业品有关的污染源,其它河流沉积物中以二氯联苯为主的PCBs主要来源于大气沉降.3种方法(EPA、SQG、Er)的风险评价显示第二松花江沉积物中的PCBs已达到中等到较强程度的污染,其它河流沉积物中的PCBs暂无生态风险.     

Utilization of waste from the silicon carbide grinding sludge and stone sludge as source of silicon aluminum for the synthesis of the amine functional mesoporous humidity control material

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study outlines the synthesis of low-cost mesoporous silica nanomaterials (MSN) from stone sludge (SS) and silicon carbide grinding sludge...