应急处理苯胺污染水源水的粉末活性炭吸附工艺的研究

以浑河水为原水,模拟突发苯胺污染,通过投加粉末活性炭(PAC)进行应急处理的试验研究.试验结果表明:PAC对苯胺的吸附在30 min内能达到80%～90%的吸附容量;PAC对苯胺的吸附等温线符合弗兰德里希(Freundlich)吸附模式,在苯胺的平衡质量浓度为0.030 mg/L时,PAC对其吸附容量约为5 mg/g;比表面积较大的木屑炭对苯胺的吸附效果比煤质炭好,但粒度以300目左右为宜;炭浆浓度越小对苯胺的吸附效果越好;溶液pH以不小于5为最好;絮凝剂最佳的投加顺序是先投加炭浆然后投加絮凝荆;对突发的浑河水苯胺污染,在取水口处投加PAC是十分有效的应急处理措施.     

射流曝气周期活性污泥法脱氮除磷研究

针对零星居民点的污水处理,开发了射流曝气周期活性污泥法工艺.它是一种连续进水、周期性间歇曝气的改良型SBR工艺,也是一种时间程序和空间程序相结合的污水处理工艺,具有良好的脱氮除磷效果.试验表明,在水力负荷4 m3/d,曝气周期为每2 h曝气15 min、静置105 min的条件下,出水COD为48.8～53.5 mg/L,去除率达79.4%～80.5%;出水TN为2.81～3.98 mg/L,去除率达82.4%～89.4%;出水NH3-N为0.36～0.78 mg/L,去除率高达96.4%～98.4%;出水TP为0.63～1.18 mg/L,去除率为67.2%～78.9%,均可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)中的一级B排放标准.     

啤酒生产废水处理设计及运行研究

分析了年产15万t啤酒的生产废水情况,介绍了采用IC厌氧反应器-一体化氧化沟处理该生产废水(7 200 m3/d)的工艺路线和主要设计参数,讨论了废水处理系统的运行情况.其中IC厌氧反应器的HRT为8 h,运行温度为35～37 ℃;一体化氧化沟包括氧化沟段和沉淀池段,总尺寸为40 m×24 m×6 m.IC厌氧反应器COD容积负荷在7.78 kg/(m3·d)时,COD去除率为84%左右.整套废水处理系统的COD总去除率为98%左右,出水COD小于80 mg/L.厌氧所产生的沼气可用于废水的升温.     

Photocatalytic reactions of phenanthrene at TiO2/water interfaces

The photocatalytic oxidation of phenanthrene was investigated in aqueous TiO2 suspensions under UV light irradiation. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, IR spectrometer and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical techniques were used to monitor the reaction process. Some factors affecting the photodegradation rate were studied and some aromatic intermediates were detected during the reaction process. Fast and complete mineralization of phenanthrene was achieved in this reaction system.     

排污收费对企业污染控制技术创新激励作用的研究

运用模型方法研究了排污收费和行政手段对企业污染控制技术创新的激励作用,为环境管理政策应用提供了理论依据。结果表明,无论对创新企业还是模拟企业,在“技术创新－创新扩散－最优啮合反应”的技术创新过程中,排污收费更能刺激企业的污染控制技术创新行为。     

石煤渣生产工业窑炉保温材料的工艺研究

以石煤渣为主要原料研制的工业窑炉保温材料，具有较高的耐压强度和较低的导热率。分析研究了保温材料在烧成工艺过程中的物理化学变化，同时通过试验确定了干燥和烧成过程的工艺参数，为石煤渣治理和综合利用开辟了一种新的途径。     

Determination of polycyclic musks in sewage sludge from Guangdong, China using GC-EI-MS

Polycyclic musks [Cashmeran (DPMI), Celestolide (ADBI), Phantolide (AHMI), Traseolide (ATII), Tonalide (AHTN) and Galaxolide (HHCB)] were Soxhlet extracted, separated and analyzed in sewage sludge from six different wastewater treatment plants from Guangdong, China, using GC and GC-EI-MS. DPMI, ADBI, HHCB, AHTN were found in all samples, and ATII was not found in any sample. AHMI was detected in five out of six samples. HHCB and AHTN were the two major polycyclic musks found in highest concentrations in sludge. The sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants contained HHCB, AHTN and DPMI at concentrations between 5.416 and 21.214, 0.715 and 6.195 and 0.599 and 2.870 mg/kg (dry), respectively. The highest concentration was found in sludge from one cosmetic plant at 703.681 mg HHCB/kg (dry). The results indicate that there are two sources of polycyclic musks: domestic sewage and industrial wastewater.     

Gas- and particulate-phase specific tracer and toxic organic compounds in environmental tobacco smoke

Cigarette smoke constituents are worthy of concern and characterized as carcinogens. Different experiment conditions may affect the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) constituents. A study was undertaken in a 75.5-m3 spare office to evaluate ETS constituents in a real environment. Thirty-four volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including three ETS tracers: nicotine, 2,5-dimethylfuran and 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP), 19 carbonyl compounds, 54 semi-volatile compounds (24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 30 alkanes) as well as CO and total particulate matter (TPM) from 15 leading commercial brands were determined. ETS constituents did not increase with increasing cigarette tar. ETS tracers nicotine and 3-EP were affected greatly due to more sorption and surface reactions in real world compared to other studies conducted in chamber, which resulted in 2-5 times lower. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, acrolein, 2-butanone and the high molecular weight compounds exhibited little affect. Pearson correlation analyses show that gas-phase and particulate-phase ETS tracers did not show significant correlation, but within each homologue many of compounds correlated significantly. Indole and cholesta-3,5-diene were also detected in ETS. These results may be useful in efforts to better understand the health effect of ETS exposure and source apportionment.     

利用氨水对液体烟幕残留物自净化的方法

针对军事上大量使用的液体烟幕的残留物所存在的严重污染问题，研究了利用氨水的自净化法。探讨了自净化的机理和氨水的不同浓度、不同用量对净化效果的影响。该方法简单、高效，既可保持烟幕本身的功用特性，又可解决其残留物的严重污染问题，具有重要的环保价值，也是在军事运用中强调环保的一种有益尝试。     

Chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in riverine and estuarine sediments from Pearl River Delta, China

Spatial distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons [chlorinated pesticides (CPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was measured in riverine and estuarine sediment samples from Pearl River Delta, China, collected in 1997. Concentrations of CPs of the riverine sediment samples range from 12 to 158 ng/g, dry weight, while those of PCBs range from 11 to 486 ng/g. The CPs concentrations of the estuarine sediment samples are in the range 6-1658 ng/g, while concentrations of PCBs are in the range 10-339 ng/g. Total PAH concentration ranges from 1168 to 21,329 ng/g in the riverine sediment samples, whereas the PAH concentration ranges from 323 to 14,812 ng/g in the sediment samples of the Estuary. Sediment samples of the Zhujiang River and Macao harbor around the Estuary show the highest concentrations of CPs, PCBs, and PAHs. Possible factors affecting the distribution patterns are also discussed based on the usage history of the chemicals, hydrologic condition, and land erosion due to urbanization processes. The composition of PAHs is investigated and used to assess petrogenic, combustion and naturally derived PAHs of the sediment samples of the Pearl River Delta. In addition, the concentrations of a number of organic compounds of the Pearl River Delta samples indicate that sediments of the Zhujiang river and Macao harbor are most likely to pose biological impairment.