侵彻引信用磁电传感器的输出特性仿真分析

目的 解决侵彻引信用磁电传感器在不同侵彻环境下输出特性难以预知的问题,掌握不同结构参数对传感器输出的影响。方法 基于一种新型磁电传感器的结构原理,提出一种联合仿真研究方法,研究过程分为2部分,一部分是利用ADAMS软件进行磁电传感器惯性系统的力学特性仿真,另一部分是利用COMSOL软件进行传感器机电转换元件的磁电特性仿真,仿真模型的输入是战斗部在穿靶过程中的过载信息。通过磁电传感器在多次冲击加载试验中获取的实测数据,对仿真模型的仿真结果进行验证。改变仿真模型的相关参数,模拟并分析传感器结构对仿真输出特性的影响。结果 仿真穿靶时间的平均绝对误差约为138 μs,穿靶时刻仿真电压值的平均相对误差约为5.9%。在给定力学环境的前提下,侵彻引信用磁电传感器中的线圈与磁铁的相对高度会影响输出信号的正负、幅值以及波峰出现的时间,线圈匝数、线圈与磁铁之间的间隔仅对信号的幅值产生影响。结论 仿真误差在可控范围内,验证了联合仿真模型的正确性与该研究方法的可行性。该仿真模型可以为侵彻引信用磁电传感器的设计提供指导,并为后续进一步验证侵彻引信起爆控制系统的性能工作提供了新的思路。     

在线NaClO反洗对倒置A2O-MBR系统微生物群落的影响

为研究在线NaClO反洗对MBR系统微生物群落结构的影响,采用倒置A2O-MBR反应器分别经历稳定期、在线纯水反洗及在线NaClO反洗阶段,监测系统运行效果、膜污染状况以及微生物群落结构特征.结果表明,在线NaClO反洗阶段反应器对COD、氨氮、TN等的去除效果与反洗前相差无几.在线纯水反洗后平均膜污染速率较稳定期有所降低,而在线NaClO反洗阶段膜污染速率增加,EPS浓度最高,膜污染加剧. Chao指数、Simpson指数和Shannon指数结果表明,在线NaClO反洗后好氧池污泥的微生物多样性几乎不变,而滤饼层污泥的种群丰度略微升高,但微生物的种群多样性明显降低.好氧池和滤饼层污泥的微生物种群主要以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为主,其次是拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes).经在线NaClO反洗后,好氧池污泥的变形菌门和拟杆菌门种群相对丰度变化很小,而滤饼层污泥的种群组成变化明显,对氯消毒剂有一定抵抗性的变形菌门从53. 4%增加到77. 8%,而拟杆菌门从33. 4%减少至14. 5%.经在线NaClO反洗后,好氧池和滤饼层在科水平微生物群落分布上十分相似,固氮螺菌科、丛毛单胞菌科等相比NaClO反洗前明显增加,那些能够耐受NaClO处理的微生物种可能是在线NaClO反洗阶段膜污染加剧的主要原因.     

Robotic Manipulation of Highly Irregular Shaped Objects: Application to a Robot Crucible Packing System for Semiconductor Manufacture

The basic technology for a robotic system is developed to automate the packing of polycrystalline silicon nuggets into a fragile fused silica crucible in Czochralski (melt pulling) semiconductor wafer production. The highly irregular shapes of the nuggets and the packing constraints make this a difficult and challenging task. To address this task, key research areas are identified, developed, and integrated. In this system, nuggets are grasped by a three-cup suction gripper and manipulated with a seven-degree-of-freedom SCARA manipulator. An optical 3-D vision system, based on active laser triangulation, measures nugget and crucible profiles. A model-free Virtual Trial and Error packing algorithm determines optimal nugget placement in real time. A hybrid position-force control scheme has been implemented and tested for physical nugget placement. The simulation and laboratory tests show that the system has the capabilities of meeting high production rates, achieving high process constraints, and maintaining cost effectiveness that exceed levels obtained with manual packing. The results suggest that model-less robotic sensor control systems can be effective in manufacturing applications. The key contribution of this paper is to show that robot systems can be effectively used to manipulate highly irregular shaped objects in the context of real commercial manufacturing processes.     

我国锅炉2000年起始执行的环境标准——新颁《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》修订要点及达标分析

对2000年3月1日起始实施的GWPB3-1999《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》的主要修订内容进行了阐述 ,并对新的锅炉排放标准实施后达标可行性进行了分析。      

住宅装修垃圾产生量特性分析及管理对策:以北京市大兴旧宫为例

采用面积折算法对北京大兴旧宫装配式建筑工程新建房屋装修垃圾进行估算,用蒙特卡洛模拟分析翻新周期,并预估翻新垃圾年产量;对惰性装修垃圾污染物特征分析,并提出了针对北京市装修垃圾的管理建议。具体结果为:住宅区新装修垃圾量为164.08 t,相对误差约为9.58%。运用Oracle Crystal Ball进行蒙特卡罗模拟分析,进行20000次模拟可知,北京市住宅建筑翻新周期为7~10年;并进行未来翻新预估,得出翻新装修面积为UA=[A_y-15,r … A_y-4,r]×t;惰性装修垃圾中重金属As、Pb、Cd、Cr和Zn均超过北京市环境背景值。为避免直接堆放或填埋造成环境污染,须加强源头施工装修活动管控,对有毒有害成分实施专项处置方案,并建立装修垃圾无害化监测管理体系。该结果可为不同类型装修垃圾专项处理方案制定提供有效的数据参考。     

自供电式同步翻转电荷提取电路的优化设计

目的 解决现有接口电路俘能效率低、开关控制电路模块结构复杂等问题。方法 基于电压翻转及电荷提取技术,提出一种自供电式同步翻转电荷提取的压电能量俘获电路(Self-Powered Optimized Synchronous Inversion and Charge Extraction Circuit,SP-OSICE)。该电路设计了2个电压峰值检测电路,检测压电换能器两端电压峰值,并在正峰值处进行一次电压翻转,然后在负峰值处采用同步电荷提取方法,提取压电换能器寄生电容上储存的电荷,提高能量的收集效率。结果 在低负载区,SP-OSICE电路的输出功率略低于SICE电路的输出功率,随着负载电压的增大,SP-OSICE电路的输出功率略高于SICE电路,且可达到全桥整流电路最大输出功率的6倍以上。结论 SP-OSICE电路优化了SICE电路中的开关控制策略,无需整流桥结构,提高了接口电路的输出功率。整体电路采用自供电设计,无需外部辅助电路控制晶体管通断,降低了电路结构的复杂性。仿真和实验结果均验证了SP-OSICE电路的优势。     

钢管混凝土格构式柱受力性能研究

为研究不同含钢率对钢管混凝土格构式柱受力性能的影响,对4个不同含钢率试件在单向水平荷载和水平循环荷载作用下进行了非线性有限元分析.结果表明:含钢率对钢管混凝土格构式柱的刚度影响比较显著.随着含钢率的增加,钢管混凝土格构式柱无论在弹性阶段还是在非线性强化阶段,其刚度均有所提高,承载能力和极限位移也同时提高.但是当含钢率增大到一定程度,再增加含钢率,钢管混凝土格构式柱的极限承载力和刚度提高的幅度反而会降低.延性性能和耗能性能增加的幅度也同时会降低.为提高结构的安全性和可靠性,实际工程钢管混凝土格构柱的设计过程中,要控制合理的含钢率.     

基于多需求点的震灾应急物资调度模型研究

为了解决震后应急物资调度中,因不考虑各应急需求点灾情差异和需求差异带来的决策结果不够合理的问题,采用改进的专家打分法将收集到的灾情信息量化为灾情因子,在此基础上建立应急成本和应急延误时间的多目标模型。采用逐步法求解,为每一个应急需求点确定提供应急物资的供应点及供应量。将此方法运用到云南发生的某地震灾后救援中,计算得出与3个应急需求点对应的应急供应点及其供应量。     

污水处理新技术-同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮机理及影响因素分析

同步硝化反硝化(SND)是目前国内外污水脱氮技术研究领域的新热点.基于其高效低能耗特性,从宏观环境理论、微环境理论和生物学理论方面探讨同步硝化反硝化的脱氮机理,分析有机碳源、溶解氧、活性污泥絮体结构和pH值等因素对同步硝化反硝化所产生的影响.提出有待进一步解决的问题及深入研究的技术,从而达到节能降耗并提高工艺稳定性的目的.     

Linking spatio-temporal variation of crop response with sediment deposition along paddy rice terraces

In tropical mountainous regions of South East Asia, intensive cultivation of annual crops on steep slopes makes the area prone to erosion resulting in decreasing soil fertility. Sediment deposition in the valleys, however, can enhance soil fertility, depending on the quality of the sediments, and influence crop productivity. The aim of the study was to assess (i) the spatio-temporal variation in grain yield along two rice terrace cascades in the uplands of northern Viet Nam, (ii) possible linkage of sediment deposition with the observed variation in grain yield, and (iii) whether spatial variation in soil water or nitrogen availability influenced the obtained yields masking the effect of inherent soil fertility using carbon isotope (¹³C) discrimination and ¹⁵N natural abundance techniques. In order to evaluate the impact of seasonal conditions, fertilizer use and sediment quality on rice performance, ¹⁵N and ¹³C stable isotope compositions of rice leaves and grains taken after harvest were examined and combined with soil fertility information and rice performance using multivariate statistics. The observed grain yields for the non-fertilized fields, averaged over both cascades, accounted for 4.0 ± 1.4 Mg ha^?1 and 6.6 ± 2.5 Mg ha^?1 in the spring and summer crop, respectively, while for the fertilized fields, grain yields of 6.5 ± 2.1 Mg ha^?1 and 6.9 ± 2.1 Mg ha^?1 were obtained. In general, the spatial variation of rice grain yield was strongly and significantly linked to sediment induced soil fertility and textural changes, such as soil organic carbon (r 0.34/0.77 for Cascades 1 and 2, respectively) and sand fraction (r ?0.88/?0.34). However, the observed seasonal alteration in topsoil quality, due to sediment deposition over two cropping cycles, was not sufficient to fully account for spatial variability in rice productivity. Spatial variability in soil water availability, assessed through ¹³C discrimination, was mainly present in the spring crop and was linearly related to the distance from the irrigation channel, and overshadowed in Cascade 2 the expected yield trends based on sediment deposition. Although δ¹⁵N signatures in plants indicated sufficient N uptake, grain yields were not found to be always significantly influenced by fertilizer application. These results showed the importance of integrating sediment enrichment in paddy fields within soil fertility analysis. Furthermore, where the effect of inherent soil fertility on rice productivity is masked by soil water or nitrogen availability, the use of ¹³C and ¹⁵N stable isotopes and its integration with conventional techniques showed potential to enhance the understanding of the influence of erosion – sedimentation and nutrient fluxes on crop productivity, at toposequence level.