加油站火灾爆炸故障树分析

采用安全系统工程的方法,对加油站的火灾爆炸事故进行了故障树分析。通过故障树分析,得出4个最小径集,指明了预防事故发生的可能途径;从而确定出加油站火灾爆炸事故的预防措施,并做出安全检查表,以供现场实施参考。     

防火防爆用网状金属材料

网状金属材料具有优异的防火防爆性能,良好的机械性能以及缓和燃油冲击等性能。分析了网状金属材料的防火防爆机理,介绍了其应用情况。     

多元可燃性混合气体临界氧浓度的测定

可燃性气体(蒸气)的临界氧浓度目前只限于对单元气体混合物的研究,且影响因素较少提及。通过实验测定了人工煤气、液化石油气的爆炸极限和临界氧浓度,对可燃性气体(蒸气)临界氧浓度的影响因素进行了研究,所测定的数据为煤气、液化石油气的安全防爆工作提供了依据。     

双向聚能拉伸爆破及其在硐室成型爆破中的应用

针对当前定向断裂控制爆破存在的问题,结合某特大型硐室成型爆破工程的地质、工程条件,利用岩石耐压而怕拉的特性,提出了双向聚能拉伸爆破技术.对该技术的特点、破岩机理、力学模型作了详细介绍与分析.进行了现场双向聚能拉伸爆破基础试验研究.在此基础上,该技术被应用于硐室的方形断面(1个自由面)和岩锚梁(2个自由面)的成型爆破.现场试验及应用结果表明,双向聚能拉伸爆破工艺简单、操作方便,能有效地控制裂纹产生、发展方向及断裂面的形成,实现岩体的精确控制爆破,应用前景广阔.     

爆炸波在饱和土介质中传播时压力变化规律的试验研究

介绍了在Φ900平面波加载器中进行的饱和土爆炸波传播试验,通过试验比较系统地研究了爆炸波在饱和土自由场中的传播规律及其在刚性边界上的反射问题。试验表明饱和土中的气体含量是控制波传播规律的主要因素,在深度方向上自由场应力峰值可能随深度增加,而在刚性边界上荷载反射系数可能>2。对饱和土与非饱和土中波传播规律的区别,在确定饱和土中结构的设计荷载时必须给予极大的关注。     

Coupling effects of foam ceramics on the flame and shock wave of gas explosion

The coupling of gas explosion flame and shock wave is analyzed. In the gas explosion process, shock wave is affected by the flame directly, and shock wave also induces the flame. Inhibiting explosion can be achieved by the interference between the flame and shock wave propagation. If the coupling effects can be damaged, the adverse effects caused by the explosion should be mitigated and controlled. According to the structure characteristics of foam ceramics, the coupling effects mechanism of ceramic foam on gas explosion flame and shock wave is researched. When the explosion goes through the structure of foam ceramics, the flame can be quenched and the shock wave be attenuated. After the flame is quenched, the supply of precursor shock wave energy is cut off. Due to lack of energy supply, the destructive effects of blast wave will be reduced effectively. Coupling effects of the flame and shock wave can be damaged by the special structure of foam ceramics. Studies suggest that a certain function to represent the structure characteristics of foam ceramics must exist. For a certain material of foam ceramics, the sure porosity δ and the pore diameter d also can be get, which is the key to research and develop foam ceramic suppression technology of gas explosion.     

Experimental research into effects of obstacle on methane-coal dust hybrid explosion

An experimental system including pressure transducer, data acquisition card, computer and electric spark ignition device was set up to research methane-coal dust hybrid explosions in closed tubes with different types of obstacles inside. Its dynamic response time was less than a millisecond and the test precision was 0.1%. The experimental results show that the obstacles had great effects on the explosion characteristics in the tube. Hollow obstacles linked with inner wall of the tube induced faster pressure rising than installed center blocked solid obstacles. Obstacles with more sharp corner induce more violent explosions. The most dangerous explosion occurred when spacing between obstacles almost equaled the inner diameter of the tube for the same size obstacle.     

纺织工业粉尘爆炸危险区域划分方法

根据国家标准,分析了爆炸性粉尘环境危险区域划分的方法和步骤,以粉尘释放源释放频率和形成爆炸混合物的可能性为指标,给出了危险区域划分方法,并以某纺织企业为例进行了说明,所得结果对纺织企业的安全生产具有借鉴意义。     

可燃气体燃爆特性综合试验装置构建与甲烷试验

为研究半开敞空间内可燃气体爆炸过程,设计带有泄压面的气体爆炸室,并在此基础上构建一套可燃气体燃爆特性综合试验装置。运用该试验装置,研究预混塔内甲烷气体分层现象以及甲烷爆炸浓度与最小点火能之间的变化规律。甲烷分层试验结果表明:静置一段时间后,预混塔中甲烷浓度随高度的增加而增大。最小点火能试验结果显示,当甲烷的试验爆炸体积分数在10%～13%时,其浓度与点火能之间呈现比较平缓的变化关系,而当其体积分数小于10%或大于13%时,浓度稍微变化,其点火能将发生明显变化。     

土介质炸点痕迹反演爆源特征的研究

论述了土介质炸点痕迹特征参量及其控制影响因素,通过对国内外现有研究成果的再分析和有效利用,得到爆源特征与炸点痕迹特征参量之间的关系。在此基础上,建立利用土介质上的炸点痕迹反演爆源特征的方法,并实现编程计算。通过实例分析说明了该方法的可行性。