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31.
以桑树(Morus alba)雌雄幼苗为实验材料,研究了施铅处理对其生长发育、生理过程和铅元素积累的影响,以揭示桑树幼苗对铅污染的生理耐性和积累能力的性别差异.结果表明:施铅后桑树雌雄幼苗的可溶性蛋白(Pr)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著增加,雄株增幅略高于雌株,而丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率无显著变化;雌雄幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)显著增加,雄株比雌株具有更高的Pn和Tr;雌雄幼苗的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素及叶绿素相对含量显著增加,雄株增幅高于雌株;雌雄幼苗的形态生长与地上部生物量显著增加,根冠比显著降低,而雄株比雌株具有更高的株高、基径和总叶片数;铅在植物体内的分布为根叶茎,雄株根、叶中的铅含量和转移系数略高于雌株.综上,灌施剂量为800 mg·kg-1的铅离子对桑树雄株幼苗生长的促进作用高于雌株,雄株比雌株具有更强的生理耐性和积累能力. 相似文献
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卤系阻燃剂在东江鱼体中的生物富集 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
准确获取化合物的生物富集因子(BAF)对于判定化合物是否属于潜在毒害性污染物、评价其生态环境风险都具有重要的意义.本文以东江水体为研究区域,以PBDEs、DBDPE、DP、TBBPA和HBCDs为目标化合物,研究了其在3种鱼体中的富集特征.结果表明,5种化合物的lg BAF的变化范围分别为5.0~7.4、6.1~7.1、4.6~7.9、2.6~4.6和4.8~7.7.在本研究中,大多的化合物lg BAF值均大于3.7,说明这些污染物都具有生物富集能力.HFRs的BAF值总体随着lg Kow值的增加而增加,但当lg Kow7时,生物对PBDEs的生物富集能力有所下降.γ-HBCD向α-HBCD的生物转化以及生物体对BDE66和BDE99的代谢导致这几种单体偏离了这个模型预测趋势.DBDPE的BAF值大于BDE209的BAF值,作为大分子污染物,DBDPE的生物富集能力应该值得关注.通过对污染物的生物沉积物富集因子(BSAF)的计算,发现绝大多数的污染物的BSAF值均小于1,表明沉积物不太可能作为水生生物的污染源. 相似文献
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Kei Asada Koki Toyota Taku Nishimura Jun-Ichi Ikeda Kaneaki Hori 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):285-292
Applying manure compost not only results in zinc accumulation in the soil but also causes an increase in zinc mobility and enhances zinc leaching. In this study, the physical and chemical characteristics of zinc, zinc profiles, and zinc balance were investigated to characterise the fate of zinc in fields where the quality and amount of pig manure compost applied have been known for 13 years. Moreover, we determined zinc fractionation in both 0.1 mol L?1HCl-soluble (mobile) and -insoluble (immobile) fractions. Adsorption of zinc in the soil was enhanced with increasing total carbon content following the application of pig manure compost. The 159.6 mg ha?1 year?1manure applied plot (triplicate) exceeded the Japanese regulatory level after only 6 years of applying pig manure compost, whereas the 53.2 mg ha?1 year?1 manure applied plot (standard) reached the regulatory level after 13 years. The zinc loads in the plots were 17.0 and 5.6 kg ha?1 year?1, respectively. However, 5.9 % and 17.2 % of the zinc loaded in the standard and the triplicate pig manure compost applied plots, respectively, were estimated to be lost from the plough layer. Based on the vertical distribution of mobile and immobile zinc content, a higher rate of applied manure compost caused an increase in the mobile zinc fraction to a depth of 40 cm. Although the adsorption capacity of zinc was enhanced following the application of pig manure compost, a greater amount of mobile zinc could move downward through the manure amended soil than through non manure-amended soil. 相似文献
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MAYEUL DALLEAU SERGE ANDRÉFOUËT COLETTE C.C. WABNITZ CLAUDE PAYRI LAURENT WANTIEZ MICHEL PICHON KIM FRIEDMAN LAURENT VIGLIOLA FRANCESCA BENZONI 《Conservation biology》2010,24(2):541-552
Abstract: Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been highlighted as a means toward effective conservation of coral reefs. New strategies are required to more effectively select MPA locations and increase the pace of their implementation. Many criteria exist to design MPA networks, but generally, it is recommended that networks conserve a diversity of species selected for, among other attributes, their representativeness, rarity, or endemicity. Because knowledge of species’ spatial distribution remains scarce, efficient surrogates are urgently needed. We used five different levels of habitat maps and six spatial scales of analysis to identify under which circumstances habitat data used to design MPA networks for Wallis Island provided better representation of species than random choice alone. Protected‐area site selections were derived from a rarity–complementarity algorithm. Habitat surrogacy was tested for commercial fish species, all fish species, commercially harvested invertebrates, corals, and algae species. Efficiency of habitat surrogacy varied by species group, type of habitat map, and spatial scale of analysis. Maps with the highest habitat thematic complexity provided better surrogates than simpler maps and were more robust to changes in spatial scales. Surrogates were most efficient for commercial fishes, corals, and algae but not for commercial invertebrates. Conversely, other measurements of species‐habitat associations, such as richness congruence and composition similarities provided weak results. We provide, in part, a habitat‐mapping methodology for designation of MPAs for Pacific Ocean islands that are characterized by habitat zonations similar to Wallis. Given the increasing availability and affordability of space‐borne imagery to map habitats, our approach could appreciably facilitate and improve current approaches to coral reef conservation and enhance MPA implementation. 相似文献
36.
David R. Sager Clarence R. Cofield 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1984,20(3):359-363
Bluegill (Lepotmis macrochirus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), white catfish (Ictalurus catus), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), collected from an electric power plant cooling reservoir and a municipal water supply reservoir near Roxboro, North Carolina, were analyzed for selenium concentrations in axial muscle, reproductive and liver tissues. Fishes from the municipal water reservoir had lower selenium concentrations (≤0.2-2.1 μg/g - wet weight) than found in the cooling reservoir fishes (1.6-70.0 μg/g - wet weight) but similar distributions of concentrations among the tissues was evident. Selenium was differentially accumulated, with higher concentrations in liver tissues (0.7-70.0 μg/g - wet weight), followed by female reproductive tissues (0.7-25.0 μg/g - wet weight), axial muscle tissues (≤0.2-23.0 μg/g - wet weight) and male reproductive tissues (0.2-7.2 μg/g - wet weight). 相似文献
37.
CADMIUM ACCUMULATION AND TOXICITY IN SUBMERGED PLANT HYDRILLA VERTICILLATA (l.f.) ROYLE 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
P. Garg R. D. Tripathi U. N. Rai S. Sinha P. Chandra 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,47(2):167-173
Cadmium accumulation and its toxicity in relation tochlorophyll, protein, cysteine contents and in vivo nitrate reductaseactivity were studied under controlled conditions in Hydrillaverticillata, a submerged commonly occurring macrophyte. Plants weresubjected to six different concentrations of Cd ranging from 1.0 to 25.0 µM for 24, 48, 72 and 168 h. Tissue Cd concentration was maximum (13.71 µmoles/g dw) at 25 µM background concentration. At this concentration, a decrease of approximately 79 and 72% was found in chlorophyll and protein content. In vivo nitrate reductase activity was stimulated at 1.0 µM; however, the activity gradually declined beyond this concentration. Exposure to various cadmium concentrations resulted in an increase in cysteine content of the plant. 相似文献
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Abstract: To assess the completeness of a floristic or faunal inventory, one may use the ratio of the observed number of species to the "true number" of species ( C ). If the inventory is complete , C = 1. The estimate of the true number can be obtained from accumulation curves, nonparametric methods, or other techniques. We devised a simple method for computing confidence intervals (CI) for C and for evaluating the null hypothesis that the inventory is complete. The method is based on the assumptions that an estimate of the variance of the true number of species is known and that the distribution of the estimator of the true number of species is approximately normal. We applied our method to bird inventories in the Balsas Basin of Mexico. The completeness index for subtransects were lower (84.0, 85.4, and 89.9%) than for the whole transect (91.6%) (all significantly different from 100%). Thus, these particular inventories were incomplete at 2 spatial resolutions. Our method of estimating CI for C can be used to estimate species richness obtained from databases of different sites or to test the null hypothesis that an inventory derived from a database is complete. 相似文献
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