从产品缺陷案例和常见旁路装置结构中探讨旁路装置的检验要点

对于TSG T7OO1-2009《电梯监督检验和定期检验规则——曳引与强制驱动电梯》2号修改单以前生产的电梯,门锁回路故障时往往在机房控制柜处通过导线短接门锁回路来排查具体故障出处,导线短接操作常因忘记拆掉短接线而引发风险,错误的短接风险更大。电梯增加旁路装置,旁路时,电梯退出正常运行,只有在检修或紧急电动的情况下才能缓慢移动轿厢,并伴有声光报警,给维保人员提供了方便,本文从某品牌型号的电梯旁路装置产品缺陷以及三种常见旁路装置中探讨旁路装置的检验要点。     

The development of a novel process planning algorithm for an unconstrained hybrid manufacturing process

The application of state of the art manufacturing processes has always been constrained by the capabilities either from technical limitations such as limited materials and complex part geometries or production costs. As a result, hybrid manufacturing processes – where varied manufacturing operations are carried out – are emerging as a potential evolution for current manufacturing technologies. However, process planning methods capable of effectively utilising manufacturing resources for hybrid processes are currently limited. In this paper, a hybrid process, entitled iAtractive, combining additive, subtractive and inspection processes, along with part specific process planning is proposed. The iAtractive process aims to accurately manufacture complex geometries without being constrained by the capability of individual additive and subtractive processes. This process planning algorithm enables a part to be manufactured taking into consideration, process capabilities, production time and material consumption. This approach is also adapted for the remanufacture of existing parts. Four test parts have been manufactured from zero and existing parts, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed hybrid process and the process planning algorithm.     

A STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR PERFORMING WATER QUALITY IMPAIRMENT ASSESSMENTS1

ABSTRACT: A statistical approach for making Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) impairment decisions is developed as an alternative to the simple tally of the number of measurements that happen to exceed the standard. The method ensures that no more than a small (e.g., 10 percent) percentage of water quality samples will exceed a regulatory standard with a high level of confidence (e.g., 95 percent). The method is based on the 100(1‐α) percent lower confidence limit on an upper percentile of the concentration distribution. Advantages of the method include: (1) it provides a direct test of the hypothesis that a prespecified percentage of the true concentration distribution exceeds a regulatory standard, (2) it is applicable to a wide variety of different statistical concentration distributions, (3) it directly incorporates the magnitude of the measured concentrations unlike traditional approaches, and (4) it has explicit statistical power characteristics (i.e., what is the probability of missing an environmental impact). Detailed study of the simple tally approach reveals that it achieves high statistical power at the expense of unacceptably high false positive rates (30 to 40 percent false positive results). By contrast, the statistical approach results in similar statistical power while achieving a nominal false positive rate of 5 percent.     

Application of risk based inspection in refinery and processing piping

In refineries and processing plants, the enormous amount of piping is more complex in distribution than other types of equipment. In general, compared with other types of equipment in these industries, more difficulty in inspection planning is encountered.

However, under-inspection or over-inspection can occur due to the lack of jurisdictional requirements on the inspection interval and method for piping, or the inspection interval being based only on piping service classifications in the existing regulations, such as API 570. This can result in unacceptable risks, along with costly loss of resources.

To lessen the piping risk level, more and more companies have adopted and applied risk based inspection (RBI) methodology, leading to risk reduction and cost benefits since the last decade. This study applied RBI methodology to optimize the inspection strategy of the piping in a refinery and petrochemical plants in Taiwan. Two actual case studies were corroborated better with quantitative RBI methodology than without the methodology in terms of risk and cost reductions.     

环境监理与环境管理的区别与联系

阐述了环境监理与环境管理的关系，指出了以制度和程序规范两者的分工与合作可充分发挥环境监理在环境管理中的作用     

铁路运营隧道病害现状及检测评估

目前铁路运营隧道病害状况严重 ,有些已达到了威胁铁路行车安全的程度。因此有必要采取可靠的检测方法来检测和评估隧道的实际状况 ,同时检测的数据也为隧道日常的维修保养及必要的整治工程提供了系统完整的依据。因此 ,就形成了从日常维护、检测评估到病害整治的一整套技术体系 ,从而使铁路隧道的运营管理技术提高到一个新的水平。最后通过一个工程实例的分析 ,进一步明确了隧道病害工作的紧迫性和必要的检测评估所起的指导作用     

上海市在用车I／M计划管理体系的探讨

在用机动车监测与维修制度（I／M计划）是减少机动车污染排放的最主要措施。借鉴美国I／M计划取得的经验，提出上海市在用车I／M 计划管理体系，建立上海市I／M 计划管理中心和监测 中心。     

A framework addressing a safe ageing management in complex industrial sites: The Italian experience in «Seveso» establishments

In Europe, the Directive 2012/18/EU (Seveso III) strengthens the obligation to adopt a program assuring the integrity of critical equipment at major hazard establishments, by taking into account actual deterioration mechanisms (internal and external corrosion, erosion, thermal and mechanical fatigue, etc.). The program must cover all phases of the lifecycle and ensure a safe ageing of equipment, particularly when these are reaching the final stage of life. The effectiveness of the integrity program must be carefully assessed during the audits planned by the establishment's operator as well as by inspectors on behalf of the Competent Authorities. The adoption of a Risk Based Inspection scheme provides a valuable help to face this matter. The operator is, anyway, required a considerable effort to face at least three issues related to: (i) the understanding of concurring physical and chemical phenomena; (ii) the management of information associated with each individual component and its history, (iii) the appropriate measurement, including acquisition and management of data. There is a considerable difficulty in understanding these issues during Seveso inspections and external audits, because time and resources are often limited. For this reason, models and methods supporting the definition of the ageing status and trend in industrial sites are needed. This paper analyses the main factors affecting ageing. A framework for “ageing” assessment in complex industrial sites, including “Seveso” establishments, is proposed; then, its validation, by means of data collected during a testing phase carried out in Italy, is also given.     

中央生态环境保护督察制度回顾与展望

中央生态环境保护督察是党中央、国务院推进生态文明建设和生态环境保护工作的重大制度创新。《中央生态环境保护督察工作规定》于近期正式出台,首次以党内法规形式明确了生态环境保护督察的制度框架、程序规范、权限责任等。从发展历程来看,我国生态环境保护督察大致经历了督企为主、督政督企并举、党政同责三个阶段。生态环境保护督察具有突出政治站位、压实责任,坚持问题导向、强化震慑,突出边督边改、取信于民等基本特征。为强化成果应用,全面准确把握当前我国生态环境保护工作的重点难点,本文设置7个一级指标和18个二级指标对首轮中央生态环境保护督察所指问题的分布特征进行统计分析,初步剖析问题产生原因,并从督察对象、督察内容和督察体制方面对第二轮中央生态环境保护督察进行了展望。