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A new phenol-degrading bacterium with high biodegradation activity and high tolerance of phenol, strain PD 12, was isolated from the activated sludge of Tianjin Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Facility in China. This strain was capable of removing 500 mg phenol/L in liquid minimal medium by 99.6% within 9 h and metabolizing phenol at concentrations up to 1100 mg/L. DNA sequencing and homologous analysis of 16S rRNA gene identified PD12 to be an Acinetobacter sp. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a gel matrix to immobilize Acinetobacter sp. strain PDI2 by repeated freezing and thawing. The factors affecting phenol degradation of immobilized cells were investigated, and the results showed that the immobilized cells could tolerate a high phenol level and protected the bacteria against changes in temperature and pH. Storage stability and reusability tests revealed that the phenol degradation functions of immobilized cells were stable after reuse for 50 times or storing at 4℃ for 50 d. These results indicate that immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain PD 12 possesses a good application potential in the treatment of phenol-containing wastewater. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to compare the effects of repeated field applications of three urban compost amendments and one farmyard manure amendment over a 9-year period on aggregate stability in a silty loam soil initially characterized by low clay and initial organic matter contents and poor aggregate stability. Three different aggregate stability tests with increasing disruptive intensities (fast wetting > mechanical breakdown > slow wetting tests) and different disaggregation mechanisms, were used. All of the amendments, which were applied at approximately 4 Mg C ha−1 every other year, increased the organic carbon content and improved the stability of the aggregates against the disruptive action of water, as determined by each of the stability tests. However, the year-to-year variations in the aggregate stability that related to factors other than the organic inputs were greater than the cumulative increase in aggregate stability relative to the control. The positive effects of the tested amendments on aggregate stability were linked to their contribution to soil organic C contents (r = 0.54 for the fast wetting test and r = 0.41-0.42 for the mechanical breakdown and slow wetting tests; p < 0.05). The addition of urban composts had a larger positive effect on aggregate stability than farmyard manure at the majority of sampling dates. The addition of biodegradable immature compost, such as municipal solid waste (MSW), improved the aggregate stability through an enhanced resistance to slaking. The addition of mature composts, such as the co-compost of sewage sludge and green wastes (GWS) or biowaste compost (BW), improved the aggregate stability by increasing interparticular cohesion. The MSW compost was the most efficient in improving aggregate stability during the first 6 years of the experiment (average improvements of +22%, +5% and +28% in the fast wetting, mechanical breakdown and slow wetting tests, respectively, compared to the control treatment); this result was likely due to the larger labile organic pool of the MSW compost that was highly effective at stimulating soil microbial activity. After the first 6 years, the two other composts, GWS and BW, became more efficient (average improvements of +25%, +61% and +33% in the fast wetting, mechanical breakdown and slow wetting tests, respectively, compared to the control treatment), which was probably linked to the greater increase in soil organic C contents. Therefore, the application of urban compost to silty soil that is susceptible to water erosion was effective at improving aggregate stability and thus could be used to enhance the resistance of soil to water erosion. 相似文献
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陶粒CANON反应器的接种启动与运行 总被引:11,自引:8,他引:3
通过CANON接种污泥,以人工配制无机高氨氮废水为对象,研究以陶粒为填料的CANON反应器启动与运行情况,结果表明:①陶粒可以作为CANON反应器合适填料,温度通过水浴控制在30℃±1℃,HRT为9 h、pH控制在7.00~8.08之间,经过60 d成功启动了CANON反应器,TN的去除负荷达到0.79 kg·(m3·d)-1;②在温度30℃时,陶粒CANON反应器中临界DO范围在1.12~1.69 mg·L-1之间,CANON反应器中短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化性能可维持稳定,高于此范围时,会出现CANON反应器中短程硝化不稳定现象;③在温度25℃,控制DO在1.01~1.54 mg·L-1之间时,尽管NO-3-N变化值与TN变化值的比值(δNO-3-N/δTN)略微偏离理论值0.127,为0.150~0.204,但CANON反应器脱氮性能趋于稳定,TN去除率最高为75.56%,TN的去除负荷最高达到0.97 kg·(m3·d)-1,这意味着CANON工艺的适宜温度范围至少可以降低至25℃. 相似文献
68.
土地利用方式对缙云山土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳的影响 总被引:33,自引:6,他引:27
土壤团聚体对土壤肥力、质量和土壤的可持续利用等有很大的影响,是水、肥保蓄与释供功能的物质基础.通过湿筛法,将缙云山林地、撂荒地、果园和坡耕地这4种土地利用方式土壤进行粒径分组,得到大团聚体(>2 mm)、中间团聚体(0.25~2 mm)、微团聚体(53μm~0.25 mm)以及粉+黏团聚体(<53μm)的质量分数,测定各粒径团聚体中的有机碳含量,并计算0~60 cm土壤深度内各粒径土壤团聚体的有机碳储量.结果表明,土地利用方式对土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳具有重要影响.林地的开垦行为会导致大团聚体的破碎化,果园及坡耕地>0.25 mm的大团聚体含量分别为44.62%和32.28%,分别比林地降低38.58%(P<0.05)和91.52%(P<0.05),土壤结构趋于恶化;而坡耕地闲置为撂荒地后,则会促使粉+黏团聚体向粒径大的微团聚体及中间团聚体转化,使土壤结构趋于改善.在0~60 cm土层内,果园及坡耕地土壤颗粒的MWD(平均质量直径)和GMD(几何平均直径)值均显著低于林地(P<0.05),而坡耕地撂荒后,MWD和GMD值均显著升高(P<0.05),表明林地开垦为果园和坡耕地导致土壤团聚体的稳定性降低,容易被水分散,而坡耕地弃耕撂荒会增强团聚体的稳定性,提高土壤抵抗外力破坏的能力.4种土地利用方式下各粒径土壤团聚体有机碳含量均随土壤深度的增加而降低.在0~60 cm的土壤深度内,不同土地利用方式下各粒径土壤团聚体有机碳储量表现为:大团聚体有机碳储量为林地(14.98Mg·hm-2)>撂荒地(8.71 Mg·hm-2)>果园(5.82 Mg·hm-2)>坡耕地(2.13 Mg·hm-2),中间团聚体有机碳储量为撂荒地(35.61 Mg·hm-2)>林地(20.38 Mg·hm-2)>果园(13.83 Mg·hm-2)>坡耕地(6.77 Mg·hm-2),微团聚体有机碳储量为撂荒地(22.44 Mg·hm-2)>林地(10.20 Mg·hm-2)>果园(6.80 Mg·hm-2)>坡耕地(5.60 Mg·hm-2);粉+黏团聚体有机碳储量为撂荒地(22.21 Mg·hm-2)>林地(17.01 Mg·hm-2)>果园(16.70 Mg·hm-2)>坡耕地(9.85 Mg·hm-2).各粒径土壤团聚体内有机碳储量均为林地和撂荒地高于果园和坡耕地,表明将林地开垦为果园和坡耕地后,将导致各团聚体组分内有机碳的损失,而坡耕地撂荒则有助于土壤有机碳的恢复和截存;林地和撂荒地土壤有机碳主要蓄积在中间团聚体内,而果园和坡耕地则主要蓄积在粉+黏团聚体内,表明在土地利用变化过程中,粒径较大的团聚体有机碳不稳定,更容易发生变化. 相似文献
69.
长期暴露下纳米二氧化钛对典型淡水藻体砷累积与生物转化的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)为研究对象,通过室内培养实验,研究了长期暴露下纳米二氧化钛(nano-TiO_2)对五价砷[As(Ⅴ)]在典型淡水藻体中累积与生物转化的影响.结果表明不同藻类对无机砷的吸收和转化能力差异很大.长期暴露下斜生栅藻累积的砷(As,以DW计,下同)高达(819.66±11.25)μg·g-1,比铜绿微囊藻累积的As[(355.95±8.31)μg·g-1]高2倍多.Nano-TiO_2可增加藻体对As的吸收累积,降低了培养基中As的含量.同时,nano-TiO_2可增加藻体对As(Ⅴ)的生化转化;其中,铜绿微囊藻中有机砷以二甲基砷(DMA)为主,而斜生栅藻中有机砷以一甲基砷(MMA)为主.另外,长期暴露下nano-TiO_2处理的铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻向培养基释放的甲基砷小于对照组,表明长期暴露中的nano-TiO_2不能促进藻体内甲基砷的释放.研究结果可促进nano-TiO_2与As相互作用时生态风险的理解. 相似文献
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考察了再生水氯消毒过程中的氯消耗特性及水质特性的变化,发现加氯后5 min,氯消耗速率最大,同时254 nm的紫外吸光度和三维荧光强度的变化最为显著.发现再生水消毒后生物可同化有机碳(AOC)浓度显著增加,说明消毒后水质生物稳定性变差.AOC变化趋势呈现为先增长后降低的趋势,对于不同处理工艺再生水,二级出水的AOC水平普遍高于深度处理出水,但深度出水消毒5 min后AOC的增长率却高于二级出水消毒后的增长率.进一步研究发现,再生水水样消毒后的AOC变化量与三维荧光积分值变化量之间有一定的正相关关系. 相似文献