潮汐河流着生藻类监测采样设计

以上海黄浦江上游的藻类群落在空间和时间上的分布格局为例，讨论了用于环境质量监控的着生藻类群落分析的采样设计，设计采用收集者曲线及多元分析技术。研究表明，黄浦江着生藻类监测的采样频率每年至少４次，冬季不宜取样，条件许可应在夏季增加采样频率；综合分析宜采用年度复合样方；文中所采用的格局研究原则，同样适用于其它生物类型的采样设计。     

苯酚、苯胺对两种海洋生物的急性毒性研究

采用标准试验方法,研究了苯酚、苯胺对藻类、卤虫急性毒性,得出苯酚、苯胺对小球藻的24-96hEC50为82．9- 110．74mg/L,44．40-61．08mg／L,并且在48-72h之间毒性作用最强;苯酚、苯胺对卤虫的48hLC50分别为27．88mg／L和0．794mg／L。对各剂量反应方程进行了X2检验,均符合精度。卤虫对两种物质的敏感性远大于小球藻,可以考虑其用于海水的生物监测。     

Marine macroalgal community structure, metal content and reproductive function near an acid mine drainage outflow

Marine macroalgal communities were examined near the outflow of acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Britannia Mine, British Columbia, Canada. No marine algae were present within 100 m of the mouth of Britannia Creek, which carries the AMD into the marine environment. At greater distances (300-700 m) from this Creek, mean summer cover of filamentous green algae, mostly Enteromorpha intestinalis, was >60%, which was significantly higher than at nearby reference stations. At still greater distances (600-1000 m) from Britannia Creek, Fucus gardneri dominated algal communities that were similar to those at reference stations. No consistent differences were detected in mean plant length, mean per cent cover or mean oocyte production between F. gardneri near Britannia Creek and those at reference stations. Cu body burden in F. gardneri near Britannia Creek was five to 17 times higher than in reference plants.     

长江口边滩水库藻类增殖潜力及遮光控藻研究

从长江口及两个长江口边滩水库(陈行水库和宝钢水库)采集水样,在人工气候室内进行了藻类增殖潜力研究.结果表明,在完全不添加营养成分的前提下,在培养未灭菌水样时蓝绿藻可成为优势种而大量增殖;在灭菌水样中人工接种铜绿微囊藻时,该藻的藻细胞数最大现存量可达5.65×106个/mL.另一方面,采用遮光控藻思路,在上海交通大学致远湖中设置软体浮式人工围隔,待其发生水华后将围隔遮光,7 d后叶绿素a从发生水华时的176.9 μg/L降至21.4μg/L.因此,使用遮光技术可以达到有效控藻的目的.     

藻类固定化技术在污水处理中的应用

藻类固定化技术是一种经济有效的污水生物处理技术，既可很好地处理含N、P、重金属、有机物的废水，又可实现资源的回收利用，具有巨大的社会与经济效益。本文对该领域的特．最、研究现状及其前景作了较为详细的论述。     

Changes in Tundra Pond Limnology: Re-sampling Alaskan Ponds After 40 Years

The arctic tundra ponds at the International Biological Program (IBP) site in Barrow, AK, were studied extensively in the 1970s; however, very little aquatic research has been conducted there for over three decades. Due to the rapid climate changes already occurring in northern Alaska, identifying any changes in the ponds’ structure and function over the past 30–40 years can help identify any potential climate-related impacts. Current research on the IBP ponds has revealed significant changes in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of these ponds over time. These changes include increased water temperatures, increased water column nutrient concentrations, the presence of at least one new chironomid species, and increased macrophyte cover. However, we have also observed significant annual variation in many measured variables and caution that this variation must be taken into account when attempting to make statements about longer-term change. The Barrow IBP tundra ponds represent one of the very few locations in the Arctic where long-term data are available on freshwater ecosystem structure and function. Continued monitoring and protection of these invaluable sites is required to help understand the implications of climate change on freshwater ecosystems in the Arctic.     

Naphthenic acid biodegradation by the unicellular alga Dunaliella tertiolecta

Naphthenic acids (NAs) are a major contributor to toxicity in tailings waste generated from bitumen production in the Athabasca Oil Sands region. While investigations have shown that bacteria can biodegrade NAs and reduce tailings toxicity, the potential of algae to biodegrade NAs and the biochemical mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Here, we discovered that the marine alga Dunaliella tertiolecta is able to tolerate five model NAs (cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, cyclohexaneacetic acid, cyclohexanepropionic acid, cyclohexanebutyric acid and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthoic acid) at 300 mg L⁻¹, a level which exceeds that of any single or combination of NAs typically found in tailings ponds. Moreover, we show that D. tertiolecta can metabolize four of the model NAs. Analysis of NA-amended cultures of D. tertiolecta via low resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry allowed us to quantify decreasing NA levels, identify metabolites, and formulate putative mechanisms of biodegradation. Degradation of cyclohexanebutyric acid and cyclohexanepropionic acid proceeded via β-oxidation and resulted in the transient accumulation of cyclohexaneacetic acid and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, respectively. Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid was metabolized via 1-cyclohexenecarboxylic acid suggesting that further degradation may occur by step-wise β-oxidation. When D. tertiolecta was inoculated in the presence of oil sands tailings water from the Athabasca region, biodegradation of single-ring NAs was observed relative to controls. This result corroborates the trend we observed with the single-ring model NAs.     

基于小波变换的水源水中藻类生长动态研究

对利用小波变换法对天津引滦原水中日检测叶绿素（藻类表征指标）构成的时间序列进行了变换，将原始序列分解为5个低频和较低频的周期性小波系数和3个高频的“噪音”小波系数，发现5个周期性信息变化与季节更替、优势藻种变换及一定条件下藻类生长动态平衡等因素有关；而高频的“噪音”细节信息除检测误差造成外，降雨、风向及取样的深度也会对此产生重要的影响。通过该段时间水源区域内的气温、太阳曝辐照度及降雨数据分析，验证了小波转换系数的意义及分析结果。     

藻密度手工监测实验室间比对研究

为研究不同实验室藻密度监测数据的可靠性,现场采集了藻密度样品,处理为现场平行样和实验室前处理后平行样2种,分别由5家实验室的6名技术人员开展检测分析。参考相关技术规范要求,结合其他领域相似工作的成功应用案例,采用Z比分数法对分析结果开展藻密度实验室间比对。结果表明,数据的相对偏差均符合技术规范要求;对藻密度进行数据直接比对和对数转换后比对,各实验室对现场平行样和实验室前处理后平行样的检测结果均为合格;分析方法原理导致藻密度手工监测的绝对数值偏差较大,对当前的太湖水华预警工作适用性不高。     

溶藻细菌L7对富营养化水体藻类群落的影响

将水华鱼腥藻和溶藻细菌L7按不同比例接入优势种为拟柱胞藻的富营养化供试原水,观测藻类群落结构和拟柱孢藻藻丝长度,研究溶藻细菌L7对富营养化水体藻类群落的影响。结果表明:溶藻细菌L7初始密度为9.45X10 7CFU/mL时,处理的拟柱孢藻细胞密度显著低于对照,实验开始8 d后,Shannon-Wiener指数分别由0.53和0.69升高至3.18和3.74,Pielou均匀度指数分别由0.09和0.12升高至0.73和0.82。在本研究条件下,高密度的溶藻细菌L7能够抑制优势种的生长,增加生物多样性和均匀度,具有调节藻类群落结构的作用。额外的水华鱼腥藻的加入,会对溶藻细菌L7调节藻类群落结构的作用强度产生干扰。