Levels, distributions, and source identification of organochlorine pesticides in the topsoils in Northeastern China

Seventeen topsoil samples (9 urban, 4 suburban, 3 rural and 1 background) were collected in/around Harbin, a typical city in northeast of China, to measure concentration levels of organocholrine pesticides (OCPs) in topsoil of Northeastern China in 2006. Hexachlorohexanes (HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were detected in soil samples with mean concentrations (in pg/g dry weight (dw)) of 7120, 5425, and 1039, respectively. The mean concentrations for other OCPs were very low, 4.8 pg/g dw for chlordane and 3.3 pg/g dw for endosulfan. Source identification analysis reveals that all OCPs found in soil samples were due to historical use of these chemicals or from other source regions through long- and short-range atmospheric transport. DDT was mainly used in the rural sites, whereas the sources of HCB, chlordane and endosulfan were mainly in the urban area. HCH was found almost equally in both urban and rural area. Soil concentrations of all detected OCPs, except HCHs, in and around Harbin were much lower than those in the southeast of China, which is expected since the use of these OCPs in the former was much lower than that in the latter, however higher HCH concentrations in and around Harbin than those found in most places of the Southeast China is not expected. It is suggested that high HCH concentration in soil of Northeast China was most likely due to long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) from Southeast China and the cold condensation process.     

Single and joint stress of acetochlor and Pb on three agricultural crops in northeast China

In order to evaluate ecological risk of agrochemicals in agricultural environment, single and joint toxic effects of an important herbicide and a typical heavy metal on root elongation of crops were investigated. Seeds of the three crops including wheat （Triticum aestivum）, Chinese cabbage （Brassica pekimensis） and soybean （Glycine max） as the main crops in northeast China were exposed to acetochior as a herbicide and lead （Pb） as a heavy metal using the pot-culture method, and meadow brown soil as one of the main soils distributed in northeast China was applied in the investigation. The results indicated that the interactive effects of the two pollutants on root elongation of the three crops were very complicated although they had markedly significant （P〈0.01） linear interrelationships based on the regression analyses. When the concentration of added Pb^2＋ reached 200 mg/kg, acetochlor and Pb had an antagonistic effect on the inhibition of root elongation of the three crops. However, acetochlor and Pb had significantly （P〈0.05） synergic effects on the inhibition of root elongation when concentration of added Pb^2＋ was up to 1000 mg/kg. At the low concentration of added Pb, joint toxicity of acetochlor and Pb was more dependent on the concentration of Pb. Among the three crops, wheat was the most sensitive to the toxicity of Pb and Chinese cabbage was the most sensitive to the toxicity of acetochlor.     

近50年东北地区≥10℃农业热量资源对气候变化的响应

气候变暖背景下,系统研究我国东北地区农业热量资源对气候变化的响应仍具有重要的现实意义。根据1961-2010年东北地区64个气象台站的逐日资料,采用公认的农业气象指标,分析了80%保证率下东北地区稳定通过10℃农业热量资源的时空变化特征及演变趋势,探讨了近50a东北地区农业热量资源对气候变化的响应规律。结果表明:从1960-2010年,东北地区农业热量资源存在年代际变化,且80年代到90年代是该地区农业热量资源增加最快的时期。以1980年为界线,≥10℃初日出现的日期先推迟再提前,终日出现的日期推迟,持续日数先减少后增加,积温呈持续增多趋势;近50a东北地区热量资源增加趋势明显。东北地区农业热量资源地域差异明显。热量资源较丰富的是辽宁省西部和南部,较匮乏的是黑龙江省的大兴安岭地区,且由南向北随纬度增大呈初日出现日期延迟、终日出现日期提前、持续日数减少、积温减少的变化规律。     

东北地区能源消费碳排放时空演变特征及其驱动机制

运用探索性空间分析、冷热点分析、标准差椭圆分析和地理加权回归分析等地学方法,研究了我国东北地区2005—2014年间能源消费碳排放的时空演化特征及其驱动机制.结果表明:①东北三省的能源消费碳排放量从高到低分别为辽宁省、黑龙江省、吉林省,2014年碳排放量分别达到20266、9914、6411万t;②东北三省能源消费碳排放量呈比较显著的全局空间正相关特征,在统计学上显著性检验存在多个冷、热点,其中,热点区主要集中在辽宁省的大连市、沈阳市、本溪市和辽阳市,吉林省的吉林市,以及黑龙江省的大庆市和鸡西市,冷点区主要集中在黑龙江省的大兴安岭市、黑河市、佳木斯市和伊春市;③在省级尺度上东北三省碳排放重心在2005—2014年间呈往东偏移的趋势,在市级尺度上辽宁省和吉林省碳排放重心往西偏移,而黑龙江省碳排放重心则往南偏移;④在省级尺度上,能源消费碳排放主轴方向为"西南-东北",但有往北旋转的趋势,黑龙江省能源消费碳排放主轴呈现往北旋转的趋势,辽宁省和吉林省的能源消费碳排放主轴方向则呈往东旋转的趋势;⑤东北地区影响能源消费碳排放量的主要驱动因素的影响程度排序为:人均GDP产业结构总人口数城市化率老龄化.     

创建安全发展型城市

沈阳市是辽宁省省会,东北地区第一大中心城市,是中国重要的装备制造业基地。作为全国的老工业基地,沈阳拥有约30万个生产经营单位和个体经济组织,安全生产监管任务十分繁重。     

湘东北地区大气降水和地下水的氢氧稳定同位素研究

深入认识湘东北地区的水文循环过程,对规范该区水资源的有效利用和减缓该区生态环境问题具有重要意义。在2021年10月—2023年2月,对该区金井镇的大气降水和不同深度（~4.7 m和~61 m）井水每月开展样品采集和测试。该区大气降水稳定同位素值（δ¹⁸O、δD）呈现夏半年偏负、冬半年偏正,且氘盈余、水汽通量和HYSPLIT模型分析结果显示,在夏季,影响该区降水气团主要来自暖湿的海洋洋面,冬季主要来自稳定的南支西风和局地水汽输送。浅井水和深井水的δ¹⁸O和δD与该区大气降水δ¹⁸O和δD的均值接近,变幅较小且呈现夏季偏正冬季偏负的特征,说明地下水受到大气降水的补给,但可能滞后于大气降水的变化。然而,不同深度地下水对大气降水的响应机制和滞后时间,还需进一步研究。     

东北区域经济增长空间差异性及关联性研究

采用因子分析和空间自相关分析方法对东北区域经济空间差异和经济增长关联性进行分析.结果表明,东北地区经济发展整体水平较低,仅辽宁中南部和哈长地区发展较好;黑龙江、辽宁大部分地市,包括长春在内的吉林中部地市与相邻地市经济增长呈现正相关;东北区域经济增长分为扩散效应区、极化效应区、过渡区和低速增长区等四个类型.2000-2009年与1990-1999年两时段相比较,扩散效应区、极化效应区和过渡区的地市数量增加、面积扩大,低速增长区的地市数量和面积相应减小.     

中国东北地区积雪中离子特征及其环境意义

本文对2018年12月至2019年3月东北地区86个积雪样品的阴阳离子进行测定,运用MODIS、相关性分析、后向轨迹等方法研究积雪中阴阳离子的空间分布特征及来源。结果表明：积雪中离子平均浓度大小为Ca²⁺＞SO₄^2-＞Cl^-＞NO₂^-＞NO₃^-＞Na⁺＞K⁺＞Mg²⁺＞NH₄⁺＞F^-,其中SO₄^2-和Ca²⁺是主要的阴、阳离子,分别占总离子浓度的29.54%和30.97%。积雪的pH平均值为6.57,呈微酸性,且电导率与Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-、Mg²⁺、Cl^-和NO₂^-之间均有较好的相关性。东北地区积雪中离子的空间分布存在明显的区域差异,在吉林、黑龙江东部和乌兰浩特地区受人为活动的影响较大,积雪的离子浓度显著高于其他地区。后向轨迹聚类分析表明积雪中的化学离子不仅源于局地人为活动的排放,还有沙尘和污染物的远距离传输以及海洋源的贡献。本文的研究结论将为中国大气传输以及大气环境治理提供一定的科学数据支撑。     

东北地区资源型城市土地集约利用空间分异及成因分析

基于资源型城市土地集约利用内涵,从土地使用强度、土地利用效益、土地利用程度和土地利用可持续性4个方面构建城市土地集约利用评价指标体系,建立评价模型,并对我国东北地区15个地级资源型城市土地集约利用水平及空间分异特征进行分析.结果表明:我国东北地区资源型城市土地集约利用总体水平不高;省际间空间格局呈现出“南高北低”的特征,东中西地区呈现由东向西依次递增的趋势;单个城市间集约利用水平差异显著;不同类型资源型城市土地集约利用水平具有石油城市＞冶金城市＞煤炭城市＞森工城市的特征.资源型城市土地集约利用水平与城市规模、产业结构高级化程度和经济发展水平等呈正相关,针对如何提高资源型城市土地集约利用水平提出建议.     

亚安为长春平安城市建设保驾护航

日前,亚安平安城市项目再传捷报,室外轻载云台和双舱护罩成功入驻长春市朝阳区、宽城区,为我国东北这座重要的工业城市保驾护航。