能碳耗指标约束下的节能减排新政——简评从“能耗”指标向“能碳耗”指标的过渡

2011年政府工作报告明确“十二五”期间节能减排的工作重点为同步控制单位国内生产总值能耗与二氧化碳排放,两个指标的下降幅度分别控制为16％和17％,碳耗降幅比能耗降幅高出一个百分点。那么,此次节能减排新政的用意何在？能耗与碳耗两个指标的区别又在哪儿呢？为何要将单位国内生产总值碳耗的下降幅度设得比能耗更高呢？以及同步设定这两个约束指标的意义又何在？     

电厂二氧化碳捕捉技术对比研究

由于全球温室效应的不断加剧,发展二氧化碳捕捉技术变得十分必要.通过分析燃烧前捕捉、燃烧后捕捉和富氧燃烧捕捉三种二氧化碳捕捉方式流程及其特点,指出三种不同的二氧化碳捕捉技术的发展现状以及应用途径.通过具体对比现有二氧化碳捕捉技术的工作原理以及优缺点,针对现有的几种具体的二氧化碳捕捉技术进行详细的分析,积极应用各种物理、化...     

含汞原料中汞挥发速率的测试方法研究

以PVC行业废汞触媒、糊式锌锰电池浆液、含汞锌膏为原料,采用动力通量箱法测试其挥发速率,研究了最佳试验操作条件。结果表明:通量箱气体流速在0.5 L/min以下,采用两级大型气泡吸收管吸收挥发汞时效率可达99%以上,增加1次空白测量可测得通量箱壁汞吸附量。     

孙翠华：我国将采取10大措施实现2020年减排目标

国家发改委应对气候变化司副司长孙翠华6月27日在应对气候变化与绿色低碳发展高级别国际研讨会上说,为实现到2020年单位国内生产总值（GDP）二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40％至45％的目标,促进经济社会可持续发展,我国将在10个方面采取措施。     

Genotoxicity removal of reclaimed water during ozonation

Genotoxicity in wastewater and reclaimed water now is gaining increased attention because of genotoxins' potential damage to the ecosystem and human health. The effect of ozonation on genotoxicity in reclaimed water was investigated. It was found that ozonation decreased the genotoxicy dramatically in three tertiary treatment plants. In the further batch ozonation experiment in laboratory,secondary effluent sample used exhibited the genotoxicity of(41.1 ± 4.1) μg 4NQO/L. Ozonation with a dose of 10 mg O3/L completely removed the genotoxicity in secondary effluent. However,after ozonation, the dissolved organic carbonvalue of the sample didn't change much but the specific ultraviolet absorbance(SUVA) value dropped sharply. With the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ozonation was found to change chemical aliphatic carbon and C–O of the dissolved arganic matter, which might be the reason of the significant decreases of SUVA and genotoxicity.     

Fouling distribution in forward osmosis membrane process

Fouling behavior along the length of membrane module was systematically investigated by performing simple modeling and lab-scale experiments of forward osmosis （FO） membrane process. The flux distribution model developed in this study showed a good agreement with experimental results, validating the robustness of the model. This model demonstrated, as expected, that the permeate flux decreased along the membrane channel due to decreasing osmotic pressure differential across the FO membrane. A series of fouling experiments were conducted under the draw and feed solutions at various recoveries simulated by the model. The simulated fouling experiments revealed that higher organic （alginate） fouling and thus more flux decline were observed at the last section of a membrane channel, as foulants in feed solution became more concentrated. Furthermore, the water flux in FO process declined more severely as the recovery increased due to more foulants transported to membrane surface with elevated solute concentrations at higher recovery, which created favorable solution environments for organic adsorption. The fouling reversibility also decreased at the last section of the membrane channel, suggesting that fouling distribution on FO membrane along the module should be carefully examined to improve overall cleaning efficiency. Lastly, it was found that such fouling distribution observed with co-current flow operation became less pronounced in counter- current flow operation of FO membrane process.     

Two-step accelerated mineral carbonation and decomposition analysis for the reduction of CO2 emission in the eco-industrial parks

Carbon dioxide（CO2） emissions are a leading contributor to the negative effects of global warming. Globally, research has focused on effective means of reducing and mitigating CO2 emissions. In this study, we examined the efficacy of eco-industrial parks（EIPs） and accelerated mineral carbonation techniques in reducing CO2 emissions in South Korea.First, we used Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index（LMDI） analysis to determine the trends in carbon production and mitigation at the existing EIPs. We found that, although CO2 was generated as byproducts and wastes of production at these EIPs, improved energy intensity effects occurred at all EIPs, and we strongly believe that EIPs are a strong alternative to traditional industrial complexes for reducing net carbon emissions. We also examined the optimal conditions for using accelerated mineral carbonation to dispose of hazardous fly ash produced through the incineration of municipal solid wastes at these EIPs. We determined that this technique most efficiently sequestered CO2 when micro-bubbling, low flow rate inlet gas, and ammonia additives were employed.     

Review of the progress in preparing nano Ti02： An important environmental engineering material

TiO2 nanomaterial is promising with its high potential and outstanding performance in photocatalytic environmental applications, such as CO2 conversion, water treatment, and air quality control. For many of these applications, the particle size, crystal structure and phase, porosity, and surface area influence the activity of TiO2 dramatically. TiO2 nanomaterials with special structures and morphologies, such as nanospheres, nanowires, nanotubes, nanorods, and nanoflowers are thus synthesized due to their desired characteristics. With an emphasis on the different morphologies of TiO2 and the influence factors in the synthesis, this review summarizes fourteen TiO2 preparation methods, such as the sol-gel method, solvothermal method, and reverse micelle method. The TiO2 formation mechanisms, the advantages and disadvantages of the preparation methods, and the photocatalytic environmental application examples are proposed as well.     

钦州湾无机氮入海通量及其富营养化症状分析

根据对环钦州湾区域的入海河流、直排海污染源及养殖废水无机氮入海通量的估算,2011年钦州湾无机氮入海通量约为7 655 t,其中入海河流无机氮入海通量占总量的96.4%,直排海污染源次之。入海无机氮占钦州湾无机氮总量的比重为36.7%,说明钦州湾已属中等强度人为影响海域。根据对钦州湾富营养化症状——叶绿素a含量的分析,钦州湾富营养化症状不明显,钦州湾整体的富营养化程度较低。因而仅以营养盐含量评价目标海域的富营养化程度,易失之偏颇,宜结合富营养化症状来判断目标海域的富营养化程度。     

枯水期环渤海16条河流N_2O释放通量研究

研究了枯水期环渤海16条河流N2O溶存浓度及释放通量,分析了河流N2O与氮浓度的响应关系,讨论了河流的N2O释放系数。结果表明,枯水期16条河流TN浓度介于5.53~37.49 mg/L,均超过Ⅴ类水标准。河流N2O处于过饱和状态,其溶存浓度及饱和度变化范围分别为0.02~40.10μmol/L和203%~390 245%。N2O溶存浓度与NH4+、TN显著正相关,表明河流氮负荷增加会极大促进N2O的产生和释放。研究采用5种常用通量模型对N2O释放通量进行了估算。结果表明,不同模型间通量结果差异很大。BO04方法估算通量最大(均值217.27μg N2O-N/(m2·h)),分别是LM86模型结果的5.5倍、W92a的2.3倍、W92b的2.9倍及RC01方法的1.7倍。W92b通量均值与5种方法的通量均值较为接近。研究对16条河流N2O排放系数的计算结果表明,其整体变化范围介于0.002 9~0.008 0,均值为0.005 8,高于IPCC的建议值0.002 5。因此,文章建议加强河流N2O实测与估算通量的对比研究,以减少在缺乏实测通量时由于模型选择不当造成的通量误差。