嗜碱细菌降解木质素的复合碳源共代谢研究Ⅱ—营养条件调控机制的研究

文章研究了在蔗糖（第一碳源）＋麦草木质素（第二碳源）的复合碳源组合方式培养条件下，嗜碱木质素降解菌降解木质素的降解率及营养条件调控机制对其的影响。结果表明，蔗糖初始浓度为1g/L，添加0．3％的T－80和0.5mmol/L的ABTS并静置培养对菌株的产酶及降解能力有较大的促进作用。     

台湾海峡水域的β—葡萄糖苷酶活性

本研究分别在1997年8月10日至8月19日，1998年2月20日至3月7日，对台湾海峡进行现场调查研究，在九个断面20个站位取得水文、化学和生物学综合参数，研究该海域β－葡萄糖苷酶活性（βGlcA)，细菌生物量及生产力的时空动态，主要结果如下①夏季台湾海峡南部各站位βGlcA的值为1．94mmol/L^-1h^-1，变化幅度大于（0．31－8．1nmol/L^-1h^-1；冬季海峡北部βGlcA平均值为0．86nmol/L^-1h^-1，变化幅度大（0．34－1．89nmol/L^-1h^-1)远小于夏季。②以碳的转化量表示，夏冬两季的βGlcA分别为0．14μgL6-1h^-1和0．062μgL6-1h^-1，分别高于这两个季节的细菌生产力。③从离岸到近岸，细菌胞外酶活性升高。④该海域胞牙酶活性与细菌的二次生产力的相关性不够明显。⑤βGlcA的剖面分布及周日变化与细菌生产力的相关性不很明显。⑥表层水游离态的细菌的βGlcA，在整个海区的分布特征与该水层的总βGlcA分布特征相似。     

细菌浸出及其应用

细菌浸出由于其工艺和设备简单，投资少和快速的收益，操作方便等特点，目前已用于铜、铀、金等金属的湿法冶金工业，在煤炭、环境保护与废物利用等方面有相当大的潜力。本文涉及了细菌的种类、培养、作用等基础特征研究，其介绍了在选煤中的作用．     

人工芦苇湿地氨氮污染物去除及氨氧化菌群落多样性分析

对不同质量浓度的NH3-N在水平潜流人工湿地内的去除过程进行考察,并且对比分析了去除率和硝化强度,利用PCR-DGGE技术研究了ρ(NH3-N)及植物种植等因素对人工湿地中AOB(氨氧化细菌)群落结构的影响.结果表明:在水力停留时间为2.5 d的情况下,模拟低污染水ρ(NH3-N)分别为0.6~0.7和4.5~5.0 mg/L时,芦苇湿地对TN的去除率分别为81.9%和62.2%.较高的ρ(NH3-N)和种植芦苇有利于提高湿地硝化强度和AOB群落多样性.系统运行50 d时,处理高ρ(NH3-N)和低ρ(NH3-N)低污染水的芦苇湿地的硝化强度分别为0.164和0.103 mg/(kg·h);AOB群落Shannon-Weaver多样性指数(系统运行90 d时)分别为2.32和1.75.处理高ρ(NH3-N)的低污染水时,空白湿地和芦苇湿地的硝化强度分别为0.082和0.164mg/(kg·h);AOB群落Shannon-Weaver多样性指数(系统运行90 d时)从1.95增至2.32.     

红树林地埋管道生态养殖系统细菌群落的变化

在一个养殖清管周期内(2012年8月1-15日,共15 d)3次采样,研究了北仑河口红树林区地埋管道生态养殖系统细菌群落的时空变化,并分析了细菌群落结构与主要生态因子之间的关系。结果表明,生态养殖系统管道内的浮游细菌在3次采样间的平均数量变化为第一次>第三次>第二次。第一、二次采样时管道系统内的浮游细菌平均数量大于蓄水池而小于自然海水,而在第三次采样时,管道系统内的浮游细菌平均数量均小于蓄水池和自然海水。根据DGGE图谱,群落多样性指数、丰富度和均匀度同一次采样时在该地埋管道养殖系统中的管道内、蓄水池和自然海区差异不显著(p>0.05),但随着养殖过程的推进,管道内的群落结构指数(多样性指数、均匀度、优势度)下降,表明群落结构简单化。而从优势条带中得到的细菌分类单元为放线菌、α-变形菌、β-变形菌、梭菌、蓝细菌、δ-变形菌纲、ε-变形菌、γ-变形菌和未分类的细菌类群,放线菌在调查过程中一直为优势分类群,而不同采样时间的细菌类群所占的比例各不一样。主成分(PCA)分析显示,硫化物(S2-)可能是影响地埋管道生态养殖系统细菌群落的关键因子。这些研究结果为该生态养殖模式的可持续运转提供了微生物生态学的科学依据。     

Universally improving effect of mixed electron donors on the CO2 fixing efficiency of nonphotosynthetic microbial communities from marine environments

The universality of improved CO2 fixing upon the addition of mixed electron donors（MEDs）composed of Na2 S,NO2-,and S2O32-to non-photosynthetic microbial communities（NPMCs）obtained from 12 locations in four oceans of the world was validated. The CO2 fixing efficiencies of NPMCs were universally enhanced by MED compared with those obtained using H2 alone as electron donor,with average increase of about 276%. An increase in microbial inoculation concentration could increase the net amount of CO2 fixing to853.34 mg/L in the presence of MED. NO2-and S2O32-may play the roles of both electron acceptor and electron donor under aerobic conditions,which may improve the energy utilization efficiency of NPMC and enhance the CO2 fixation efficiency. The sequence determination of 16 S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid（rDNA） from 150 bacteria of NPMC showed that more than 50% of the bacteria were symbiotic and there were many heterotrophic bacteria such as Vibrio natriegens. These results indicate that NPMC acts as a symbiotic CO2 fixing system. The interaction between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria may be a crucial factor supporting ladder utilization and recycling of energy/carbon source.     

Experimental study using the dilution incubation method to assess water biostability

Water biostability is of particular concern to water supply as a major limiting factor for heterotrophic bacterial growth in water distribution systems. This study focused on bacterial growth dynamics in the series dilution of water samples with TOC（total organic carbon） values determined beforehand. The results showed that the specific growth rate of Pseudomonas fluorescens P17 varied dramatically and irregularly with TOC value when TOC concentrations were low enough during the initial periods of incubation under given conditions. According to this relationship between bacterial growth rate and TOC, a dilution incubation method was designed for the study of water biostability. With the method under a given condition, a turning-point TOC value was found at a relatively fixed point in the curve between bacterial growth rate and TOC of water sample, and the variation of growth rate had different characteristics below the turning-point TOC value relative to that over this value. A turning-point TOC value similarly existed in all experiments not only with tap water, but also with acetate and mixed solutions. And in the dilution incubation method study, the affections were analyzed by condition factors such as inoculum amount,incubation time and nature of the organic carbon source. In very low organic carbon water environments, the variation characteristics of bacterial growth rate will be useful to further understand the meaning of water biostability.