基于部分湿式氧化法的污泥资源化研究

介绍了部分湿式氧化法的基本原理,指出COD去除率是判断是否部分湿式氧化的重要指标。用高压反应釜进行污泥处理,在一定的温度、压力和适合氧气量的条件下,考察了COD去除率、有机物降解率、pH值、过滤性能等随反应时间的变化。试验结果表明,通过控制反应时间,可以实现污泥的部分湿式氧化。考察了污泥经过部分湿式氧化后产物的性质,包括颗粒分布、有机物含量、养分含量和重金属等项目,分析结果表明,产物具有良好的资源化前景。     

电沉积法处理电解锌漂洗废水的动力学研究

采用电沉积法处理电解锌漂洗工艺废水,以回收废水中的重金属资源。在不同实验条件下对电沉积反应过程中电沉积反应速率及其影响因素进行了研究,结果表明,电沉积回收重金属锌符合准一级动力学规律,当V=6 V时,速率常数k=0.0214。最佳实验条件为:槽电压V=6 V、电解时间为45~60 min、pH为2.5~3.5,反应过程中应充分搅拌。利用电沉积法处理电解锌漂洗废水,将重金属Zn2+还原为单质锌,处理废水的同时实现重金属资源的回收,在工业中有较好的应用前景。     

微电解-生化法处理大蒜废水工程实例

针对大蒜废水特点,采用了铁屑微电解-UASB-接触氧化工艺进行处理.运行结果表明:在设计进水水质、水量范围内,COD、BOD5、氨氮和ss去除率分别为98%、99%、70%和98%,出水各项指标均达到GB 8978--1996<污水综合排放标准>中的一级排放标准,系统运行费用为1.19元/m3.     

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by calcium alginate immobilized kaolin

Kaolin has been widely used as an adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. However, the lower heavy metal adsorption capacity of kaolin limits its practical application. A novel environmental friendly material, calcium alginate immobilized kaolin (kaolin/CA), was prepared using a sol-gel method. The e ects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature on Cu2+ adsorption by kaolin/CA were investigated. The Langmuir isotherm was used to describe the experimental adsorption, the maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of the kaolin/CA reached up to 53.63 mg/g. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous and endothermic process.     

Mobilities and leachabilities of heavy metals in sludge with humus soil

Chemical forms of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb in municipal sewage sludge were investigated by adding humus soil to sludge and by performing sequential extraction procedures. In the final sludge mixtures, Zn and Ni were mainly found in Fe/Mn oxide-bound (F3) and organic matter/sulfide-bound (F4) forms. For Zn, exchangeable (F1), carbonate-bound (F2), and F3 forms were transformed to F4 and residual forms (F5). For Ni, F1 and F2 forms were transformed to F1, F2, and F3 forms. Both Cu and Pb were strongly associated with the stable forms F4 and F5. For Cu, F2 and F3 forms were major contributors, while for Pb, F3 and F4 forms were major contributors to F5. Humus soil dosage and pH conditions in the sludge were strongly correlated with the forms of heavy metals. Five forms were used to evaluate metal mobilities in the initial and final sludge mixtures. The mobilities of the four heavy metals studied decreased after 28 days. The metal mobilities in the final sludge mixtures were ranked in the following order: Ni > Zn > Cu = Pb. Leaching tests showed that the mobilities of Zn and Ni in lower pH conditions (pH 4) were higher than those in higher pH conditions (pH 8).     

重金属离子快速检测技术研究与应用进展

在突发环境污染事件和区域生态风险筛查中迫切需要环境样品中重金属离子的快速检测技术手段。环境样品中重金属离子的快速检测技术有电化学方法和生物学方法。电化学检测方法主要是阳极溶出伏安法(AnodicStripping Voltammetry,ASV),可以同时检测多种重金属离子,有标准化认证的产品,但是检测成本相对较高。随着纳米粒子技术(Nanoparticles,NPs)和石英微天平分析技术(Quartz Crystal Microbalance,QCM)的引入,ASV法的检测成本将不断降低;生物检测方法包括免疫检测(Immunoassay,IA)和功能DNA(Functional DNA)检测技术。重金属离子的免疫检测技术样品通量大,检测成本低,已经广泛用于食品行业,其中汞离子的免疫检测方法已经成为环境样品标准检测方法之一。免疫检测传感器技术将拓展重金属离子的快速检测的应用空间。功能DNA传感器检测的研究为重金属离子的快速检测提供了新的技术手段,但是这些仅限于实验室研究,还没有达到实际应用的水平。     

ENN精粹

托特尼斯最具前瞻性的生态解决之道《观察家》2011年2月6日位于英格兰西南部的托特尼斯,为我们提出了可能是世界上最具前瞻性的生态解决之道。它是城镇转型运动的先锋实践者,推行本土化设计和城镇规模的运作模式,种植粮食与提高能源效率双管齐下,气候变化和石油峰值的问题在这里迎刃而解。     

连续流动氢化物发生原子荧光法测定水中硒

文章介绍连续流动一氢化物发生一原子荧光测定水中硒的方法,研究了盐酸浓度、硼氢化钾浓度、灯电流、光电倍增管负高压、泵速、载气和屏蔽气流量等对测定硒的影响,找出测定水中硒最佳条件,在最佳条件下,校准曲线相关系数为0.9999.方法检出限为0.0095μg/L,方法的测量范围为0.038-300μg/L,回收率在91.8%-...     

湘中锑矿区土壤重金属锑的污染特征

文章研究调查了冷水江锡矿山锑矿区、桃江板溪锑矿区、桃江马迹塘锑矿区、桃江武潭锑矿区、安化符竹溪金锑矿区及安化渣滓溪锑矿区及周围土壤中锑的含量及形态分布.结果表明:各矿区土壤中总锑含量范嗣为185.6-2 081.3 mg/kg,大大超过了土壤中锑的背景值,表明各矿区土壤已被严重污染.采用Tessier逐级提取法对土壤中...     

聚丙烯中空纤维膜吸收法烟气脱硫实验研究

采用质量分数为30%的甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)水溶液为烟气SO2吸收液,聚丙烯(PP)中空纤维微孔膜组件为吸收器,研究吸收液温度、流量变化,气体停留时间,以及气液两相流程等操作条件对聚丙烯(PP)中宅纤维膜脱硫率的影响,研究表明30%MDEA水溶液在温度35℃,流量100mL/min的最佳试验条件下,经过一个膜吸收过程...