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61.
次氯酸钠氧化消除水中BPA的影响因素和动力学 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用常用消毒剂次氯酸钠对内分泌干扰物双酚A(BPA)的氧化消除及动力学规律进行研究,考察了加氯量、BPA初始浓度、pH值、Br-浓度和温度各因素对降解效果的影响.结果表明,次氯酸钠对BPA的氧化降解过程符合拟一级反应动力学;pH值对该降解反应影响较大,当pH为8~9时,BPA与 HOCl的反应速率达到最大为0 .544 3 min-1;溶液中存在Br-会加快BPA的降解,并且其整体反应不符合拟一级动力学规律,随着Br-浓度的增加,BPA降解得越快;温度对该降解反应的影响较大并且符合Van't Hoff规则,提高反应温度,有利于氯对BPA的降解. 相似文献
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内分泌干扰物4-叔丁基苯酚在水中的氯化动力学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对典型内分泌干扰物4-叔丁基苯酚(4-TBP)在水中的氯化反应动力学进行了研究.结果发现,在不同HOCl初始浓度和pH条件下,4-TBP能够迅速被氯氧化,4-TBP的氯化反应符合二级反应动力学.表观速率常数kapp与pH值有关,在pH为5和9左右时,kapp分别达到最小值和最大值;对氯化反应中的每一个基元反应的反应速率常数进行了计算, HOCl与4-TBP的酸催化反应及ClO-与4-TBP反应的速率常数分别为4.99×106 L2·(mol2·min)-1和1.96×104 L·(mol·min)-1,而HOCl与4-TBP的反应及HOCl与4-TBP-的反应较慢,4-TBP-与ClO-不发生反应.水处理中氯消毒工艺对4-TBP的降解有一定的影响,在氯投加量为3 mg/L时,4-TBP的半衰期为12.1 min. 相似文献
64.
膨润土对复合污染中表面活性剂的吸附及机理 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
选取阳离子表面活性剂氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)及非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100(TX-100)为代表,研究了其在膨润土上的吸附行为,探讨了膨润土阳离子交换容量(CEC)、温度、盐度对CPC吸附的影响.结果表明,Na基膨润土对CPC的吸附性能最好,对SDBS基本无吸附,对TX-100的吸附介于两者之间.Na基膨润土对CPC的吸附是阳离子交换和疏水键缔合共同作用的结果,对TX-100的吸附主要是通过其与膨润土硅氧表面间的氢键作用,同时通过疏水键作用形成吸附双分子层;SDBS在Ca基膨润土上的吸附损失量先增大后减小,在1.5倍临界胶束浓度 (CMC)时达到极大值,主要机理是SDBS与膨润土中的Ca2+产生沉淀作用,而胶束具有再溶解沉淀的作用.膨润土对CPC的吸附量随着温度升高而降低,随着CEC的增大而增大,一定浓度NaCl的加入有利于其在膨润土上的吸附. 相似文献
65.
Determination of alkali-labile phosphoprotein phosphorus from fish plasma using the Tb^3+-tiron complex as a fluorescence probe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A sensitive method based on the fluorescence quenching effect of the Tb^3+-Tiron complex is proposed for the determination of alkali-labile phosphoprotein phosphorus (ALP) released from fish plasma. The detection limit was 5.4 ng/ml (S/N=2), and the relative standard deviation of the quenching effect (6 replicates) was 4.6%. The results obtained by the proposed method were in good agreement with those obtained by the colorimetric assay. The advantages of the present method are its relatively simple detection procedure, the lack of toxic organic solvents, and high sensitivity. 相似文献
66.
WANG Hai-ling FEI Zheng-hao CHEN Jin-long ZHANG Quan-xing XU Yan-hua 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(11):1298-1304
The adsorption behavior of p-aminobenzoic acid and o-aminobenzoic acid onto the different polymeric adsorbents was systematically investigated as a function of the solution concentration and temperature.Experimental results indicated that the equilibrium adsorption data of the four polymeric adsorbents fitted well in the Freundlich isotherm.The adsorption capacity of multi-functional polymeric adsorbent NJ-99 was the highest,which might be attributed to the strong hydrogen-bonding interaction between the amino groups on the resin and the carboxyl group of aminobenzoic acid.The adsorption capacity of o-aminobenzoic acid onto any adsorbent was higher than p-aminobenzoic acid.Thermodynamic studies suggested the exothermic,spontaneous physical adsorption process.Adsorption kinetics results showed that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the intraparticle mass transfer process was the rate-controlling step. 相似文献
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68.
The brominated products, formed in chlorination treatment of benzophenone-4 in the presence of bromide ions, were identified, and the formation pathways were proposed.Under disinfection conditions, benzophenone-4 would undertake electrophilic substitution generating mono- or di-halogenated products, which would be oxidized to esters and further hydrolyzed to phenol derivatives. The generated catechol intermediate would be transformed into furan-like heterocyclic product. The product species were p H-dependent,while benzophenone-4 elimination was chlorine dose-dependent. When the chlorination treatment was performed on ambient water spiked with benzophenone-4 and bromide ions, most of brominated byproducts could be detected, and the acute toxicity significantly increased as well. 相似文献
69.
Efficient dechlorination of chlorinated solvent pollutants under UV irradiation by using the synthesized TiO2 nano-sheets in aqueous phase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Landry Biyoghe Bi Ndong Murielle Primaelle Ibondou Zhouwei Miao Xiaogang Gu Shuguang Lu Zhaofu Qiu Qian Sui Serge Maurice Mbadinga 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(5):1188-1194
Titanium dioxide(TiO2), which is the widely used photo-catalyst, has been synthesized by simple hydrothermal solution containing tetrabutyl titanate and hydrofluoric acid. The synthesized product has been applied to photo-degradation in aqueous phase of chlorinated solvents, namely tetrachloroethene(PCE), trichloroethene(TCE) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane(TCA). The photo-degradation results revealed that the degradation of these harmful chemicals was better in UV/synthesized TiO2 system compared to UV/commercial P25 system and UV only system. The photo-catalytic efficiency of the synthesized TiO2 was 1.4, 1.8 and 3.0 folds higher compared to the commercial P25 for TCA, TCE and PCE degradation, respectively. Moreover, using nitrobenzene(NB) as a probe of hydroxyl radical(.OH), the degradation rate was better over UV/synthesized TiO2, suggesting the high concentration of.OH generated in UV/synthesized TiO2system. In addition,.OH concentration was confirmed by the strong peak displayed in EPR analysis over UV/synthesized TiO2system. The characterization result using XRD and TEM showed that the synthesized TiO2 was in anatase form and consisted of well-defined sheet-shaped structures having a rectangular outline with a thickness of 4 nm, side length of 50 nm and width of 33 nm and a surface 90.3 m2/g. XPS analysis revealed that ≡Ti-F bond was formed on the surface of the synthesized TiO2. The above results on both photocatalytic activity and the surface analysis demonstrated the good applicability of the synthesized TiO2 nano-sheets for the remediation of chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater. 相似文献
70.