水杨基荧光酮光度法测定水中钛

本文研究了水杨基荧光酮光度法测定水中钛的实验方法,分析了表面活性剂溴代十六烷基三甲胺加入量对实验灵敏度影响,最佳显色时间,测定了地表水源地水中的钛。     

金鱼组织中壬基酚的含量检测新方法探讨

建立一种直接检测环境中痕量壬基酚的外切酶保护-荧光定量PCR方法。首先向含雌激素受体及相关蛋白的细胞溶质中加入壬基酚-丙酮溶液,使受体蛋白活化,从而在体外与含雌激素反应位点的双链结合DNA作用形成壬基酚-雌激素受体-DNA复合物。复合物用核酸外切酶和S1核酸酶消解,去除未受到蛋白质保护的结合DNA。将消解后产物作为模板,进行荧光定量PCR扩增反应,建立壬基酚浓度与标准DNA拷贝数的对数之间的线性关系为：y（壬基酚浓度的对数）=1.637x（标准DNA拷贝数的对数）-9.505。该法检出限为10^-8g/L,用该法对金鱼肝脏组织中壬基酚进行检测,添加回收率水平在98.5%112.2%,变异系数在4.3%以下。     

Combined fluorescence and electrochemical investigation on the binding interaction between organic acid and human serum albumin

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a plasma protein responsible for the binding and transport of fatty acids and a variety of exogenous chemicals such as drugs and environmental pollutants. Such binding plays a crucial role in determining the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and bioavailability of the pollutants. We report investigation on the binding interaction between HSA and acetic acid (C2), octanoic acid (C8) and dodecanoic acid (C12) by the combination of site-specific fluorescent probe, tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence and tyrosine electrochemistry. Two fluorescent probes, dansylamide and dansyl-L-proline, were employed in the displacement measurement to study fatty acid interaction with the two drug-binding sites on HSA. Intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan in HSA was monitored upon addition of the fatty acids into HSA. Electrocatalyzed response of the tyrosine residues in HSA by a redox mediator was used to investigate the binding interaction. Qualitatively, observations made by the three approaches are very similar. HSA did not show any change in either fluorescence or electrochemistry after mixing with C2, suggesting there is no significant interaction with the short-chain fatty acid. For C8, the measured signal dropped in a single-exponential fashion, indicative of independent and non-cooperative binding. The calculated association constant and binding ratio is 3.1×106 L/mol and 1 with drug binding Site I, 1.1×107 L/mol and 1 with Site II, and 7.0×104 L/mol and 4 with the tryptophan site. The measurement with C12 displayed multiple phases of fluorescence change, suggesting cooperativity and allosteric effect of C12 binding. These results correlate well with those obtained by the established methods, and validate the new approach as a viable tool to study the interactions of environmental pollutants with biological molecules.     

组合人工湿地对城镇污水处理厂尾水中有机物的去除特征研究

采用物理分级和三维荧光光谱法,研究了组合人工湿地对城镇污水处理厂尾水中不同形态有机物的去除特征.结果表明,组合人工湿地对污水处理厂尾水具有较好的深度处理效果,出水水质基本可以达到国家地表水环境质量标准(GB38382-2002)Ⅲ或Ⅳ类水标准.组合人工湿地处理系统对尾水中CODCr和BOD5总体去除率分别达到35.2%和44.3%,对尾水中总有机碳(TOC)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)的平均去除率分别为46.9%、45.9%、48.3%.组合人工湿地系统不同单元对尾水中有机物的去除贡献率存在差异,其中,潜流湿地单元对尾水中CODCr和BOD5及其不同组分有机碳的去除效率较高.试验期间,由于藻类滋生,表流湿地单元出水中有机物含量波动较大,去除效果明显降低,藻类被打捞后,出水水质明显改善.三维荧光光谱分析结果显示,各个处理单元取样点的水样三维荧光光谱均出现4个明显的荧光峰.人工湿地各单元出水溶解性有机质(DOM)中,类蛋白和类腐殖酸物质含量较高,类富里酸物质含量较低.人工湿地对类蛋白和类腐殖酸物质有较强的去除作用.     

Real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR method for determination of fluoranthene in water samples with a molecular beacon

A reliable and sensitive competitive real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR (RTFQ-IPCR) assay using a molecular beacon was developed for the determination of trace fluoranthene (FL) in the environment. Under optimized assay conditions, FL can be determined in the concentration range from 1 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL, with y = 0.194x + 7.859, and a correlation coe cient of 0.967 was identified, with a detection limit of 0.6 fg/mL. Environmental water samples were successfully analyzed, recovery was between 90% and 116%, with intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.7%–12.8% and inter-day RSD of 8.4%–15.2%. The results obtained from RTFQ-IPCR were confirmed by ELISA, showing good accuracy and suitability to analyze FL in field samples. As a highly sensitive method, the molecular beacon-based RTFQ-IPCR is acceptable and promising for providing reliable test results to make environmental decisions.     

pH和铜离子对微囊藻毒素-LR荧光免疫检测的影响与消除

研究了pH和铜离子对倏逝波全光纤免疫传感器检测微囊藻毒素-LR（MC-LR）的影响及其消除措施.研究表明,过酸或过碱条件对MC-LR免疫检测均有较强烈的影响,当pH<6或pH>8时,系统检测的信号随pH的降低或增大明显下降;而当pH在6～8之间时,检测标准曲线的IC₅₀为1.01～1.04 μg/L,检测区间在0.12～10.5 μg/L之间,较适合MC-LR的检测.低浓度铜离子对MC-LR免疫检测的影响不大,当CuSO₄浓度>5 mg/Ｌ时,系统检测荧光信号明显下降,而当CuSO₄浓度达到10 mg/Ｌ时,系统检测信号下降70％以上.在预反应混合物中添加1%的螯合剂EDTA,能有效抑制铜离子对免疫检测的影响.     

CSTR系统发酵产氢细菌群落动态与产氢能力关系解析

将CSTR系统内pH由4.2一次性提高至6.0左右,启动发酵类型的转化,研究了转化过程系统内的产氢动态和细菌群落.结果表明,在有机负荷维持在（33±1）kg/(m³·d)的情况下,发酵类型10 d内未发生改变,产氢量8 d内未降低,15 d后系统内种群由乙醇型转化为丁酸型,进水碱度由250 mg/L增至2 450　mg/L.研究中利用荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对反应系统内3类微生物群进行监测发现,在转化过程中Clostridium cluster XI数量增加,Clostridium cluster Ⅰ 和Ⅱ数量减少,而Enterobacteriaceae始终存在,变化不明显.种群的消长同反应系统产氢能力的高低存在密切关联,以Clostridium cluster Ⅰ和Ⅱ占优势的乙醇型发酵具有更佳的产氢能力,平均比产氢速率为23.6 mol/(kg·d).     

水温和pH对饮用水中铝形态分布的影响

铝对输配水系统及人体健康的影响主要与其存在形态有关.本研究采用硫酸铝模拟配水考察了水温和pH对溶液中铝形态分布的影响情况.考察的主要铝形态包括单核铝、溶解铝、悬浮铝和多核铝;采用的形态分析方法为荧光分光光度法.结果表明:当pH=6.5时,悬浮铝为饮用水中铝的主要存在形态,在总铝中的质量分数为62.2%;而当pH>7.0时,单核铝为主要形态,且随反应时间的增加变化不大.各水质条件下的多核铝浓度均较低,且随反应时间的变化也不大.水温对铝形态的影响与pH是一致的,由pOH可将二者统一起来.通过调节pOH可以实现饮用水中铝形态的控制,这将对输配水系统的运行管理及铝毒性控制提供理论依据.     

黑钨渣的酸分解与萃取工艺优化研究

采用X—射线荧光和粉末衍射分析了钨渣的元素组成及赋存方式,采用酸分解—萃取工艺富集了钨,研究了最佳的酸分解—萃取工艺条件。     

光助非均相芬顿体系中羟基自由基的荧光光谱法测定与影响因素研究

以TiO2/Al2O3为载体制备了Fe2O3/TiO2/Al2O3催化剂,建立了三相流化床光助非均相芬顿反应体系.选取香豆素为羟基自由基捕获剂,采用荧光法检测光助非均相芬顿反应体系中产生的活性中间体,发现在体系中有高活性的羟基自由基生成.实验讨论了溶液的pH值、H2O2投加量、催化剂投加量、光强对光助非均相芬顿反应体系中羟基自由基生成量的影响.结果表明,以香豆素为羟基自由基捕获剂的实验方法可以较好地检测不同实验条件下光助非均相芬顿反应体系中产生的羟基自由基,且该光助非均相芬顿反应体系中羟基自由基的生成在30 min内符合零级反应动力学.溶液的pH值、H2O2投加量、催化剂投加量、光强均对反应体系中羟基自由基的生成存在一定的影响.