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991.
以南京北郊为例,测量分析了屋面径流中砷(As)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)和锌(Zn)5种元素的浓度、形态特征。结果表明:短时强降雨过程中这5种元素浓度在较大范围内无规则波动,且不同元素间浓度分布存在较大差异;Zn与Pb的平均浓度分别高于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)的Ⅴ类和Ⅳ类标准限值,污染程度从大到小依次为ZnPbAsHgCd。元素形态分析表明,径流中除Hg外其他4种元素主要以颗粒态形式存在,各元素颗粒态占总形态的平均分数分别为:As,64.5%;Hg,43.7%;Pb,76.5%;Cd,54.6%;Zn,54.3%。 相似文献
992.
Milko Novi? Irena Grgi? Mateja Poje Vida Hudnik 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1996,30(24):4191-4196
Redox cycling of Fe(II)/Fe(III) during the catalyzed aqueous S(IV) oxidation by dissolved oxygen in the presence of Fe(II) and/or Fe(III) at an initial pHi of 4.4, often observed in atmospheric waters, was studied in detail. It has been found that the reaction rate is not considerably affected by the oxidation state of iron at the start of the reaction. An equilibrium between Fe(II) and Fe(III) was established a few minutes after the start of the reaction, regardless of the oxidation state of iron at the beginning of the experiment. The prevailing oxidation state of iron in a particular phase of the reaction depends on the concentration of S(IV) in the reaction solution. It has been found that the formation of polymerized hydroxo Fe(III) species is also included in the mechanism of the Fe-catalyzed oxidation of S(IV). The formation of these species was confirmed by the on-line measurement of Fe(II) and Fereac. The results also clearly demonstrate that the pHi of the solution is a major factor, controlling the concentration of Fe(III) ions, the form of S(IV) species, and consequently the reaction rate of S(IV) oxidation by oxygen. 相似文献
993.
Mingteh Chang Christopher M. Crowley Ahmad A. Nuruddin 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1995,13(3-4)
A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the response of herbaceous mimosa (Mimosa strigillosa) to six levels of cyclic soil moisture stresses in a 17-week period. The results showed that the cultivar continued to grow and the biomass continued to increase even when the soil moisture stress was as high as at the wilting point (1500 Kpa). Also, transpiration recovery rate was quick and values of root/shoot ratio were high when the plant was subject to the cyclic moisture stress condition. All these characteristics, along with strong rooting and spreading ability, suggest this legume as a promising drought hardiness species for reclamation purposes. 相似文献
994.
Poul Johansen Martin Munk Hansen Gert Asmund Palle Bo Nielsen 《Chemistry and Ecology》1991,5(1):35-55
In monitoring the impact of a lead-zinc mine in Greenland, species of fish, prawns, seaweed and mussels have been analysed for cadmium, copper, lead and zinc for several years. These metals have been released to the marine environment in significant amounts from the mining operation. 相似文献
995.
马驹如 《中国人口.资源与环境》1994,4(2):57-59
生物多样性是人类社会赖以生存和发展的基础,生物多样性保护已是当今人们最为关注的热点问题。越来越多的人认识到,生物资源是有限度的。实践表明,为保护物种栖息地而划定和管理的各种区域,对保护生物多样性有着重要的意义。在我国自然保护区被视为最典型和最有代表性的区域,也是生物多样性保护的重要基地。自然保护区保护着国家珍贵的动植物资源,拯救了濒危物种,保护了典型的生态环境,建设自然保护区是自然保护行之有效的手段。 相似文献
996.
997.
Zhan Manjun Yang Xi Yang Hongshen Kong Lingren 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(3):311-315
The photochemical degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) was studied in the presence of natural humic substances from different
origins under simulated solar irradiation. BPA underwent insignificant direct photolysis in neutral water, but rapid photosensitized
degradation in four humic substances solutions via pseudo-first-order reaction occurred. The photo-degradation rate of BPA
was insensitive to the different initial BPA concentrations and was inhibited in aerated solution compared with the deoxygenated
medium. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ·OH and 1O2 produced from excitation of humic substances under irradiation was determined from the quenching kinetic experiment using
molecular probe. The five main intermediate photoproducts of BPA in Nordic lake fulvic acid (NOFA) were tentatively identified
using gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Based on the identification of ROS and the analysis of photoproduct formation,
the possible phototransformation pathways of BPA were proposed, involving the direct photolysis due to the energy transfer
from the triplet state humic substance (3HS*) to BPA molecules and hydroxyl radical addition and oxidation as well.
Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(6): 816–820 [译自: 环境科学学报] 相似文献
998.
Lu Sihua Liu Ying Shao Min Huang Shan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(2):147-152
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at six sites in Beijing in August, 2004. Up to 148 VOC species, including
C3 to C12 alkanes, C3 to C11 alkenes, C6 to C12 aromatics, and halogenated hydrocarbons, were quantified. Although the concentrations differed at the sites, the chemical
compositions were similar, except for the Tongzhou site where aromatics were significantly high in the air. Based on the source
profiles measured from previous studies, the source apportionment of ambient VOCs was preformed by deploying the chemical
mass balance (CMB) model. The results show that urban VOCs are predominant from mobile source emissions, which contribute
more than 50% of the VOCs (in mass concentrations) to ambient air at most sites. Other important sources are gasoline evaporation,
painting, and solvents. The exception is at the Tongzhou site where vehicle exhaust, painting, and solvents have about equal
contribution, around 35% of the ambient VOC concentration. As the receptor model is not valid for deriving the sources of
reactive species, such as isoprene and 1,3-butadiene, other methodologies need to be further explored. 相似文献
999.
通过Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法和 ̄(27)Al核磁共振(NMR)法,并应用“MINEQL”化学平衡模式计算法,对采用不同反应途径制得的聚合铝(PAC)溶液中的化学形态分布规律进行了定量模拟研究和对比。模式计算结果与两种实验定量分析结果都较为吻合,结果表明,在水解聚合铝溶液中较稳定的化学形态主要有五种:一种单体形态[al_a],即Al ̄(3+),Al(OH) ̄(2+),Al(OH)_2 ̄+;3种聚合形态[Al_b],即和以及一种溶胶或凝胶形态[Al_c],即Al(OH)_3(am).这些化学形态的分布和转化不仅取决于溶液的化学特征,而且也取决于制备方法的不同。 相似文献
1000.