水喷淋作用下建筑通道烟气蔓延特性模拟研究

采用数值模拟研究在单喷淋作用下建筑通道内烟气的蔓延特性,并对不同喷淋压力条件下烟气质量流量、温度及CO体积分数随时间的变化进行对比,对引起喷淋作用下烟气蔓延速度及烟气成分浓度变化的主要原因进行了分析。结果表明,增加喷淋压力对烟气的降温作用增强,降低了烟气在通道内的蔓延速度;同时,喷淋引起的烟气拥塞增加了流出喷淋覆盖区的烟气的CO体积分数,使得烟气毒性加大。     

炼钢精炼渣气固碳酸化反应吸附CO2

采用炼钢精炼渣,通过气固碳酸化反应吸附CO₂,考察了不同吸附温度下精炼渣对纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的吸附能力。实验结果表明：吸附温度对精炼渣吸附CO₂反应有显著的影响,升高温度可以提高精炼渣对CO₂的吸附能力;在400 ℃时,精炼渣吸附纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的量分别为4.7 mg/g和9.8 mg/g;吸附温度升高到500 ℃和550 ℃时,精炼渣对纯CO₂的吸附能力强于高炉煤气中CO₂;在550 ℃时,精炼渣吸附纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的量达到最高,分别为14.7 mg/g和12.9 mg/g。     

Potassium carbonate-based ternary transition temperature mixture (deep eutectic analogues) for CO2 absorption: Characterizations and DFT analysis

•Addition of hindered amine increased thermal stability and viscosity of TTTM. •Addition of hindered amine improved the CO₂ absorption performance of TTTM. •Good the CO₂ absorption of recycled solvents after two regenerations. •Important role of amine group in CO₂ absorption of TTTM confirmed by DFT analysis. Is it possible to improve CO₂ solubility in potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃)-based transition temperature mixtures (TTMs)? To assess this possibility, a ternary transition-temperature mixture (TTTM) was prepared by using a hindered amine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to detect the functional groups including hydroxyl, amine, carbonate ion, and aliphatic functional groups in the prepared solvents. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found that the addition of AMPD to the binary mixture can increase the thermal stability of TTTM. The viscosity findings showed that TTTM has a higher viscosity than TTM while their difference was decreased by increasing temperature. In addition, Eyring’s absolute rate theory was used to compute the activation parameters (ΔG*, ΔH*, and ΔS*). The CO₂ solubility in liquids was measured at a temperature of 303.15 K and pressures up to 1.8 MPa. The results disclosed that the CO₂ solubility of TTTM was improved by the addition of AMPD. At the pressure of about 1.8 MPa, the CO₂ mole fractions of TTM and TTTM were 0.1697 and 0.2022, respectively. To confirm the experimental data, density functional theory (DFT) was employed. From the DFT analysis, it was found that the TTTM+ CO₂ system has higher interaction energy (|ΔE |) than the TTM+ CO₂ system indicating the higher CO₂ affinity of the former system. This study might help scientists to better understand and to improve CO₂ solubility in these types of solvents by choosing a suitable amine as HBD and finding the best combination of HBA and HBD.     

气候变化对土壤微生物多样性及其功能的影响

以同时模拟未来大气CO₂浓度和温度升高的田间开放式气候变化平台为依托,研究CO₂浓度升高（CE）、升温（WA）以及两者同时升高（CW）对麦田土壤基础呼吸和微生物丰度、群落结构的影响.结果表明：CE对土壤基础呼吸没有影响,但是WA显著提高了土壤基础呼吸,在抽穗和成熟期分别增加了51.6%和38.5%.在分蘖期,土壤细菌和真菌丰度没有显著变化;而在抽穗和成熟期,CW和WA处理显著降低了真菌丰度,降低幅度分别达到32.1%~50.2%和32.0%~37.4%.通过对T-RFLP数据分析发现,CE、CW和WA处理对麦田土壤真菌和细菌群落结构没有显著影响,但是在一定程度上改变了古菌群落结构.与对照相比,CE处理真菌多样性提高了7.1%~8.2%,CW和WA处理真菌多样性分别降低了5.3%~13.5%和22.1%~33.6%;在分蘖和抽穗期,CE、CW和WA处理土壤细菌多样性比对照显著提高.     

农业活动干扰下地下水无机碳循环过程研究

为准确识别浅层地下水污染来源及污染过程,选择我国北方某集约化蔬菜种植基地浅层地下水作为研究对象,借助水化学组成、氢氧同位素以及溶解性无机碳(DIC)碳同位素组成,探讨浅层地下水来源以及DIC来源和迁移转化特征.结果表明:浅层地下水阳离子以Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺为主,阴离子以HCO₃^-和SO₄^2-为主,沿地下水流向,水化学类型由HCO₃^?-Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺型转变为HCO₃^--SO₄^2--Mg²⁺-Ca²⁺型;浅层地下水δD组成范围为-69.6‰~-52.7‰,均值为-63.5‰,δ¹⁸O组成范围为-9.29‰~-6.80‰,均值为-8.45‰.大气降水是浅层地下水重要补给来源,靠近河水的浅层地下水还接受地表水的补给;浅层地下水δ¹³C_DIC组成范围为-11.76‰~-5.85‰,均值为-10.43‰.浅层地下水DIC来源包括土壤CO₂、碳酸盐矿物以及有机质分解.河水DIC侧渗对局部浅层地下水DIC碳同位素造成影响,化学肥料引起的酸性物质参与碳酸盐矿物风化作用以及浅层地下水CO₂去气作用对地下水δ¹³C_DIC组成产生影响,在利用DIC碳同位素识别地下水污染来源时需要引起重视.     

广东省能源消费碳排放分析及碳排放强度影响因素研究

根据省级能源统计和温室气体核算规则,计算分析了2005~2012年广东省能源消费碳排放和碳排放强度变化,并应用对数平均迪氏指数法对计算期的碳排放强度变化进行因素分解,定量分析了各产业(部门)能耗强度、产业结构、能源消费结构和能源碳排放系数对广东省碳排放强度变动的影响.结果表明:2005~2012年,广东省能源消费CO2排放年均增长6.28%,单位GDP碳排放累计下降27%,各产业(部门)能耗强度下降是推动碳排放强度下降的主要原因;净外购电力的碳排放系数下降及用作原材料石油消费比重上升也有利于单位GDP碳排放下降;产业结构和能源消费结构总体上朝着不利于碳排放强度下降的趋势发展;生活能源消费年均增速低于GDP年均增速,有利于地区碳排放强度下降.     

基于卫星遥感的广东地区对流层二氧化碳时空变化特征

利用瓦里关全球本底站和番禺气象局地面观测的CO2浓度资料对SCIAMACHY反演得到的对流层CO2产品进行验证.结果显示:SCIAMACHY产品能较好地反映对流层CO2的分布状况,在珠三角地区反演和观测的残差为1.29×10-6,相关系数为0.69,可用于分析区域对流层CO2的时空分布特征.利用2003~2009年SCIAMACHY观测资料分析研究显示:广东地区对流层CO2柱浓度最高值出现在春季,最低值出现在夏季,浓度年均值和年增长率分别为384.84′10-6和1.53′10-6/a,大于全球和我国同期的观测结果;粤东、粤西、粤北和珠三角地区的浓度均在春、冬季显著高于夏季、秋季 ,相同季节内各区域之间的差异不显著;粤西地区CO2柱浓度的年增长率最高,为1.82′10-6/a,珠三角和粤东地区的年增长率相当,分别为1.65,1.64′10-6/a,粤北地区的年增长率最低,为1.61′10-6/a.     

基于国内水泥生产现状的碳排放因子测算

水泥生产过程中碳排放因子的测算是计算水泥碳排放量的基础,为了准确测算我国水泥行业熟料煅烧阶段碳酸盐矿物分解释放CO2的碳排放因子,就需要对水泥生产线上相关样品做成分测定和综合分析.通过对国内近百条代表性较强的水泥生产线上的生料、熟料、水泥、石灰石、燃煤等样品进行钙、镁、烧失量、碳酸盐等化学成分的定量分析,并考虑新型干法窑和立窑两种生产工艺类型的差别,分析测算了基于国内水泥生产的工艺碳排放因子.结果表明:生料碳酸盐法测算碳排放因子的结果较熟料法的结果低约10kgCO2/tcl;不同窑型的碳排放因子存在明显差异,新型干法窑的碳排放因子多集中在500~520kgCO2/tcl,立窑碳排放因子多集中在480~500kgCO2/tcl;多数熟料含有少量碳酸盐.生料碳酸盐法不涉及燃煤灰分的化学成分,可以规避燃煤灰分成分的影响,测算碳排放因子采用生料碳酸盐法较准确,并且应基于不同窑型,同时考虑碳酸盐分解率问题.     

青海湖高寒湿地生态系统夏季CO2通量日变化及其影响因子研究

利用涡度相关技术对青海湖高寒湿地生态系统夏季CO２通量日变化特征进行分析,并且结合气象观测数据对CO２通量日变化的影响因子进行探讨。结果表明,青海湖高寒湿地生态系统夏季CO２通量日变化呈“U”字型,白天8：00—20：00 CO２通量值为负,其他时间为正,最低值出现在12：30,为-15.34 μmol·m-2·s-1。CO２通量日平均值为-3.65 μmol·m-2·s-1（约-13.87 g·m-2·d-1）,表现为明显的CO２吸收,是重要的碳汇。CO２通量与净辐射、气温和表层土壤温度的相关性分析表明,净辐射是影响青海湖高寒湿地生态系统夏季CO２通量日变化的主要因子,气温次之,表层土壤温度对CO２通量的影响最小。采用多元回归分析得出CO２通量与各个影响因子之间的关系符合三元一次线性回归方程,R2=0.689,且达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）。     

Low-temperature CO oxidation over Au-doped 13X-type zeolite catalysts: preparation and catalytic activity

Au-supported 13X-type zeolite (Au/13X) was synthesized using a common deposition–precipitation (DP) method with a solution of sodium carbonate as a precipitate agent. Further testing was conducted to test for catalytic oxidation of CO. A study was conducted on the effects of different preparation conditions (i.e., chloroauric acid concentration, solution temperature, pH of solution, and calcinations temperature) on Au/13X for CO oxidation. In respect to the catalytic activity, the relationship between different the preparation conditions and gold particles in 13X zeolite was analyzed using X-ray diffraction, TEM and XPS. The activity of Au/13X catalysts in CO oxidation was dependent on the chloroauric acid concentration. From XRD results, a higher chloroauric acid concentration induced larger gold nanoparticles, which resulted in lower catalytic activity. Results revealed that higher temperatures induced higher Au loading, homogeneous deposit, and smaller gold clusters on the support of 13X, resulting in higher CO activity. Furthermore, a pH of 5 or 6 generated greater amounts of Au loading and smaller Au particles on 13X than at a pH of 8 or 9. This may be a result of an effective exchange between Au(OH)2Cl2- and Au(OH)₃Cl^- on specific surface sites of zeolite under the pH’s 5 and 6. The sample calcined at 300°C showed the highest activity, which may be due to the sample’s calcined at 200°C inability to decompose completely to metallic gold while the sample calcined at 400°C had larger particles of gold deposited on the support. It can be concluded from this study that Au/13X prepared from a gold solution with an initial chloroauric acid solution concentration of 1.5 × 10^-3 mol·L^-1 gold solution pH of 6, solution temperature of around 90°C, and a calcination temperature of 300°C provides optimum catalytic activity for CO oxidation.