组合型生态浮床对上覆水和沉积物之间氮磷的影响

在天鹅湖水体中构建以水生植物和陆生喜水植物为实验植物,浮法控制器、水循环增氧系统和造浪-输送系统为辅助设备的组合型生态浮床.组合型生态浮床运行期间改变了水体的理化环境,影响了上覆水-沉积物中氮磷形态的迁移转化,跟踪监测在组合型生态浮床影响下上覆水和沉积物TN、NH4+-N和TP含量的浓度变化规律,探讨了在组合型生态浮床作用下,DO、Eh、pH对上覆水和沉积物中营养盐的影响,以及上覆水和沉积物中氮磷之间以及和各环境因子之间的相互关系.结果表明,实验期间上覆水中TN、NH4+-N和TP的去除率分别达到61.92%、63.09%和80.0%.沉积物中TN和NH4+-N的去除率分别达到23.79%和37.04%,沉积物中TP含量上升了43.71%.组合型生态浮床对上覆水环境因子如DO、Eh、pH等产生不同程度的影响,处理区上覆水中DO和Eh均高于对照区,DO由原来的8.7～8.9 mg·L-1上升到9.3～10.4 mg·L-1,Eh由原来的163～178 mV上升到191～198 mV,通过提高上覆水中DO和Eh有效抑制沉积物磷的释放并促进沉积物对上覆水中磷的吸附.pH的波动性较小,维持在7.51～8.32之间,并未促进沉积物磷释放.上覆水中TN、TP和NH4+-N以及与沉积物中的TN、NH4+-N之间呈极显著正相关,与沉积物中的TP极显著负相关;pH与上覆水和沉积物中的TN、TP和NH4+-N都无相关性;上覆水中的DO与Eh显著正相关,与沉积物中的TP显著负相关.     

Pollutant emission characteristics of rice husk combustion in a vortexing fluidized bed incinerator

Rice husk with high volatile content was burned in a pilot scale vortexing fluidized bed incinerator. The fluidized bed incinerator was constructed of 6 mm stainless steel with 0.45 m in diameter and 5 m in height. The emission characteristics of CO, NO, and SO2 were studied. The effects of operating parameters, such as primary air flow rate, secondary air flow rate, and excess air ratio on the pollutant emissions were also investigated. The results show that a large proportion of combustion occurs at the bed surface and the freeboard zone. The SO2 concentration in the flue gas decreases with increasing excess air ratio, while the NOx concentration shows reverse trend. The flow rate of secondary air has a significant impact on the CO emission. For a fixed primary air flowrate, CO emission decreases with the secondary air flowrate. For a fixed excess air ratio, CO emission decreases with the ratio of secondary to primary air flow. The minimum CO emission of 72 ppm is attained at the operating condition of 40% excess air ratio and 0.6 partition air ratio. The NOx and SO2 concentrations in the flue gas at this condition are 159 and 36 ppm, which conform to the EPA regulation of Taiwan.     

流化床污泥干燥器床料的颗粒度对流化情况的影响

以上海白龙港污水处理厂流化床污泥干燥系统为研究对象,针对流化床污泥干燥器流化情况的好坏分析,在确定其它变量（流化风量、给料分配器转速、料层压差、运行负荷等）不变的情况下,对床料颗粒度的工艺参数进行研究实验,总结颗粒度的工艺参数对流化情况的运行变化规律,从而提高了流化床污泥干燥系统的稳定性、连续性和高效性。     

铁山港海草生态区水体自净能力与水、生、化之间的关系

利用2008年1月～11月间对铁山港湾海草生态区进行的4个季节全面调查所获取的数据资料,首次探讨了该生态区水体自净能力与水动力特征及生物、化学因子之间的关系。结果表明:研究海区之所以具有较强的水体自净能力,其一与该海区具有强潮型的往复流水动力特征有关,在水体自净过程中起主导控制作用;其二与海区具有适宜的水温、快速的复氧能力、富足的溶解氧(DO)水平、最适合好氧微生物繁殖生长的环境条件有关,明显偏低的总有机碳(TOC)含量和丰富的总氮(TN)储量是有机物获得快速降解、营养盐获得快速再生、化学净化能力较强的重要体现;其三与生物链作用所体现的生化过程影响有关,DO含量与生物因子多呈显著以上负相关的季节变化特征以及三种形态N与生物因子在不同季节显示的相关性以事实佐证了这一点;而富足的TN储量、显著偏低的溶解无机氮(DIN)含量与繁盛的浮游动植物生物量及丰富的生物多样性同时出现的特征,正是研究海区具有较强生物净化能力的综合体现。与化学净化能力相比,生物净化能力显示出更强的优势,具有海草生态区的水体自净特点。     

内循环活性炭生物流化床处理农药生产废水的试验研究

采用内循环活性炭生物流化床反应器处理某农药厂生产废水,通过试验研究了该反应器在室温条件下处理农药生产废水的性能.结果表明:当进水pH值控制在7.0～7.5、水力停留时间为6h、曝气量控制在使活性炭处于流化状态时,CODcr的去除率为50％,总氮的去除率为32.33％,同时可生化性明显提高,生物毒性有所降低.     

序批式移动床生物膜反应器富集反硝化聚磷菌及其在单污泥系统中的应用

本文介绍了在单污泥系统中选择和富集反硝化聚磷菌的国内外研究进展,对不同研究者提出的选择和富集反硝化聚磷菌的方法进行了分析和评价,并提出将反硝化聚磷菌与移动床生物膜反应器工艺结合起来,在序批式移动床生物膜反应器悬浮填料上选择和富集反硝化聚磷菌,进一步认识了反硝化聚磷菌的生化特征,使其成为反应器中优势菌群,以及该工艺今后的研究重点。     

Emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a circulating fluidized bed combustor during co-firing coal and biomass

This paper presents the experimental investigations of the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor for coal combustion and co-firing coal and biomass. The thermal capacity of the combustor is 30 kW. The setup is electrically heated during startup. The influence of the excess air, the degree of the air staging, the biomass share and the feeding position of the fuels on the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O were studied. The results showed that an increase in the biomass shares resulted in an increase of the CO concentration in the flue gas, probably due to the high volatile content of the biomass. In co-firing, the emission of SO2 increased with increasing biomass share slightly, however, non-linear increase relationship between SO2 emission and fuel sulfur content was observed. Air staging significantly decreased the NO emission without raising the SO2 level. Although the change of the fuel feeding position from riser to downer resulted in a decrease in the NO emission level, no obvious change was observed for the SO2 level. Taking the coal feeding position R as a reference, the relative NO emission could significantly decrease during co-firing coal and biomass when feeding fuel at position D and keeping the first stage stoichiometry greater than 0.95. The possible mechanisms of the sulfur and nitrogen chemistry at these conditions were discussed and the ways of simultaneous reduction of SO2, NO and N2O were proposed.     

Anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor for starch wastewater treatment and modeling using multilayer perceptron neural network

Anaerobic treatability of synthetic sago wastewater was investigated in a laboratory anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor(ATFBR) with a mesoporous granular activated carbon(GAC)as a support material.The experimental protocol was defined to examine the effect of the maximum organic loading rate(OLR),hydraulic retention time(HRT),the efficiency of the reactor and to report on its steady- state performance.The reactor was subjected to a steady-state operation over a range of OLR up to 85.44 kg COD/(m~3.d).The COD removal efficiency was found to be 92% in the reactor while the biogas produced in the digester reached 25.38 m~3/(m~3·d) of the reactor. With the increase of OLR from 83.7 kg COD/(m~3.d),the COD removal efficiency decreased.Also an artificial neural network(ANN) model using multilayer perceptron(MLP)has been developed for a system of two input variable and five output dependent variables. For the training of the input-output data,the experimental values obtained have been used.The output parameters predicted have been found to be much closer to the corresponding experimental ones and the model was validated for 30% of the untrained data.The mean square error(MSE)was found to be only 0.0146.     

基于CFD的内构件强化内循环流化床流场结构分析

针对流化床内部流体结构的复杂性和缺乏有效放大设计理论的问题,以漏斗型导流内构件强化的内循环流化床的气液运动为研究对象,利用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型构建了能描述其复杂流动的CFD数学模型,通过宏观流场、气含率分布、液体速度分布解析内构件对气液混合传质的作用原理.数值模拟结果表明:双流体模型能较好地揭示流化床内气液流场结构,流...     

Turbosorp湍流吸收循环流化床烟气脱硫技术在改造工程中的应用

循环流化床半干法烟气脱硫技术是目前世界上主流脱硫工艺技术之一,主要适用于大中型燃煤电厂的烟气脱硫,在国内外拥有大量成功运行的工程案例。本文章基于本公司实践论述Turbosorp湍流吸收循环流化床脱硫技术的技术特点、关键工艺控制要点以及在机组改造工程中的技术优势,为同类型机组改造工程中的方案选择提供参考。