《江苏省生态环境监测条例》解读

简述了《江苏省生态环境监测条例》(以下简称《条例》)出台的重要意义,对《条例》的主要内容和特点进行了解读。《条例》于2020年5月1日正式实施,是我国首部生态环境监测地方性法规,也是落实党中央、国务院深化生态环境监测体制改革的具体举措,弥补了生态环境监测立法的空白。《条例》共分6章47条,重点建立了生态环境监测质量管理、监测机构监督管理、网络管理、污染源监测、监测信息公开与共享等制度,明确了统一监督管理、严厉打击监测数据造假等内容。提出,加快补齐监测网络建设、基层监测能力、污染源执法监测、社会监测机构监管等方面的短板,确保监测数据的真实准确,推动监测事业依法、科学、规范开展。     

Water rights and legal pluralism: four contexts for negotiation

Increasing water scarcity is increasing pressure on water management institutions, particularly in the area of water rights. A common response is to formalise water tenure, one of several options for securing access and resolving conflicts concerning water allocation. This article looks at four contexts where negotiation, self-governance and concepts of legal pluralism may help improve water resource management. Existing users and potential new users need to negotiate before water resources are developed. Users can participate in forums with authority to solve basin management problems through self-governance. Negotiated water transfers offer an alternative to water acquisition by expropriation.     

Results from a national survey of Crown prosecutors and defense counsel on impaired driving in Canada: A “System Improvements” perspective

Introduction

This article summarizes the main findings from a study designed to examine the legal process in Canada as it applies to alcohol-impaired driving from the point of view of Crown prosecutors and defense counsel, and to identify evidentiary or procedural factors that may impact the legal process, the rights of the accused, and interactions of all parts in the legal process.

Method

The data in this study were collected by means of a survey that was mailed out to the population of Crown prosecutors and defense counsel in Canada. In total, 765 prosecutors and 270 defense lawyers or an estimated 33% of all Canadian prosecutors and 15% of defense lawyers completed and returned the questionnaire. The "systems improvement" paradigm was used to interpret the findings and draw conclusions. Such an approach acknowledges the importance of the context in which countermeasures are implemented and delivered and the structures or entities used to deliver countermeasures to a designated target group.

Results

Results on type of charges and breath alcohol concentration, caseload, case outcomes, case preparation time, conviction rate at trial and overall conviction rate, reasons for acquittals and time to resolve cases are described.

Discussion

The findings from this national survey suggest that there are important challenges within the criminal justice system that impede the effective and efficient processing of impaired driving cases. Some of these challenges occur as a function of practices and policies, while others occur as a function of legislation.

Impact on industry

This study illustrates that a "system improvements" approach that acknowledges the importance of all elements of the criminal justice system and the interaction between those elements, can be beneficial in overcoming the alcohol-impaired driving problem.     

深化大气环境监测管理立法的对策

简述了当前大气环境污染演变趋势特征及面临的挑战,分析了环境监测预警在法制建设方面的薄弱环节。提出,要以《江苏省大气污染防治条例》实行为契机,强化政府环境监测的职能;赋予监测数据应有的法律属性;强化环境的全要素监测;建立以环境质量为目标导向的监测管理制度;严厉打击数据弄虚作假;加快监测信息全公开。     

关于入世后的环境保护法律对策

阐述了世界贸易组织有关环境保护的法律与实践，从国际法和国内法的角度，探讨相应的法律对策，使中国的环境保护工作适应入世后的新形势。     

县级环境保护行政主管部门如何做好行政复议法实施前的准备工作

《中华人民共和国行政复议法》将施行。针对县级环境保护行政执法人员认为自身没有复议权，该法的实施与已关系不大的偏面认识，通过分析执法工作现状，从清理文件与行政复议法规定要求衔接，增强责任感等方面提出要充分做好行政复议法实施前的各项准备工作。     

环境侵权的法律救济原则

环境侵权的法律救济原则是环境侵权法律救济制度中的一个重大问题。针对环境侵权的特点，从有效救济和全面考虑的思路出发，环境侵权的法律救济原则应该是：环境（权利）保护与经济发展兼顾，受害人保护的适度倾斜，事先救济与事后救济并重，个人责任与社会责任结合。     

Large-scale shrimp farming in coastal wetlands of Venezuela,South America: Causes and consequences of land-use conflicts

In Venezuela, large-scale shrimp farming began in the 1980s. By 1987, the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MARNR) had received 14 proposals for approval. A developer illegally started the construction of ponds at the Píritu Lagoon in the State of Anzoátegui before the authorization process was completed. This action triggered a land-use conflict. This study identifies the causes for public protest and determines the consequences of this conflict for land-use management. The results show that public protest was based on the impacts of the partial construction of ponds. These impacts were related to direct removal of wetlands, interruption of natural patterns of surface flows, and alteration of feeding grounds of some bird species with migratory status. Consequences were identified in relation to the role that nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) play in land-use conflicts and the actions that MARNR could take in the future to prevent and solve similar situations.     

增强执法力度,严惩违法行为——对《水污染防治行动计划》的解读

为了推进环境治理体系建设和实现治理能力现代化,加大全国水环境保护工作开展的力度,国务院颁布了水污染防治纲领性文件《水污染防治行动计划》,其中第六条"严格环境执法监管"第十八款"加大执法力度"以十八届四中全会提出的"依法治国"及新《环保法》为基础,针对环境监管、加强执法等提出排污企业的"红黄牌"管理制度、逐级环境监督执法机制建设及严厉打击环境违法行为等具体措施,以铁腕治污,推进环境执法力度,全面打响水污染防治"攻坚战"。     

新老建设项目环境保护管理法规对照分析

最近颁布的《建设项目环境保护管理条例》,使我国环境影响评价制度在法制化的轨道上又向前迈进了一步,对我国环境影响评价工作的开展将产生重大影响。本文就原《建设项目环境保护管理办法》与新条例作出分析比较。