纸塑铝复合包装废物的回收与再生利用现状

通过对典型的垃圾填埋场和复合包装再生利用企业的调研,分析了我国现有复合包装废物产生与回收再生利用的现状.并针对纸塑铝复合包装材料的结构和特点,对现有复合包装材料的再生利用技术进行研究比较,指出了我国复合包装回收利用过程中亟待解决的问题及未来的研究方向.     

Estimating prevalence using composites

We are interested in estimating the fraction of a population that possesses a certain trait, such as the presence of a chemical contaminant in a lake. A composite sample drawn from a population has the trait in question whenever one or more of the individual samples making up the composite has the trait. Let the true fraction of the population that is contaminated be p. Classical estimators of p, such as the MLE and the jackknife, have been shown to be biased. In this study, we introduce a new shrinking estimator which can be used when doing composite sampling. The properties of this estimator are investigated and compared with those of the MLE and the jackknife.     

Analysis of composite sampling data using the principle of maximum entropy

A new tool is presented based on the principle of maximum entropy for enhanced hot spot detection based on composite sampling with no (or minimal) requirement for composite breakdown. The methodology presented here is easy to implement and facilitates the use of multiple criteria for evaluating attainment of site remediation objectives. The new methodology provides very simple decision rules that can easily be used by non-statisticians and complements the use of composites for control of residual mean concentrations.     

Using of high-resolution topsoil magnetic screening for assessment of dust deposition: comparison of forest and arable soil datasets

Magnetic susceptibility (κ) is an easily detectable geophysical parameter that can be used as a proxy or semi-quantitative tracer of atmospheric industrial and urban dusts deposited in topsoil. An enhanced κ value of topsoil is in many cases also associated with high concentrations of soil pollutants (mostly heavy metals). High-resolution magnetic screening of topsoil in areas of high pollution influx is a useful tool for detection of pollution “hot spots”. General and regional screening maps with a grid density of 10 or 5 km have been performed on the basis of forest topsoil measurement only. The purpose of this study was to perform high-resolution magnetic screening with different grid densities in both forested and agricultural areas (arable land). Our large study area (ca. 200 km²) was located in a relatively more polluted region of the central part of Upper Silesia, and a second (small) one (ca. 100 m²) was located in the western part of Upper Silesia, with considerably lower influx of pollution. In the framework of this study, we applied a statistical comparison of data obtained in forested areas and on arable land. The arable soil showed statistically significantly lower κ values, the result of “physical dilution” of the arable layer caused by annual ploughing. Thus arable soils must be avoided during high-resolution field measurement. From semivariograms, it was clear that the spatial correlations in forest topsoil are much stronger than in arable soil, which suggests that a denser measurement grid is required in forested areas.     

轻钢龙骨复合墙体抗剪承载力计算

轻钢龙骨复合墙体抗剪承载能力是轻钢龙骨体系建筑设计的关键参数。轻钢龙骨复合墙体由结构罩面板通过自攻螺钉与龙骨相连构成,其抗剪承载力与钢龙骨、结构板、自攻螺钉均有关系,影响因素较多,主要依赖试验确定,计算理论尚不成熟。本文借鉴木龙骨墙体抗剪承载力的确定方法,推导了轻钢龙骨复合墙体抗剪承载力的计算公式,并与试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,所推出的公式是合理可信的,可用于轻钢龙骨体系建筑中复合墙体的抗剪承载力计算。     

无机复合高分子混凝剂的研究新进展

无机复合高分子混凝剂具有效果好,稳定性高,原料来源广,价格低廉等特点,因而其研制和应用已成为热点和发展趋势。综述了近年来国内外发展现状,着重介绍了其主要性能及在水处理中的应用。     

温度对编织复合材料层合厚板冲击性能的影响研究

目的 研究室温和低温下编织复合材料层合厚板的冲击性能。方法 通过开展低速冲击试验和冲击后的压缩试验,对冲击响应曲线、冲击损伤容貌、压缩失效模式和剩余压缩强度进行分析,探讨冲击时的环境温度对编织复合材料层合厚板冲击性能的影响。结果 冲击后的编织复合材料层合厚板存在凹坑、分层、基体裂纹和纤维断裂等多种失效模式,压缩失效模式主要表现为横贯冲击损伤区域截断式破坏失效。结论 低温环境增强基体强度,降低了复合材料的冲击损伤程度,从而提高编织复合材料结构的剩余压缩强度。     

基于不同时间尺度综合指数贡献率的攀枝花市大气污染特征分析

选取2016—2022年攀枝花市环境空气质量监测数据，基于年度、季度、月度、小时时间尺度评价环境空气质量综合指数贡献率。结果表明，攀枝花市污染类型已由传统的单一工业型污染转变为复合型污染，且污染物在不同时间尺度下的分布特征明显。从季度尺度来看，第一季度细颗粒物(PM_2.5)综合指数贡献率较大，第二和第三季度臭氧(O₃)综合指数贡献率较大，第四季度二氧化氮(NO₂)及PM_2.5综合指数贡献率较大。从月度尺度来看，O₃在3—8月的贡献较大，PM_2.5、NO₂、可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化硫(SO₂)在1—2月及11—12月的贡献较大。从小时尺度来看，O₃在13—19点贡献较大，PM₁₀、PM_2.5、CO在8—13点贡献较大，SO₂在9—13点贡献较大，NO₂在8—1...     

水下航行器复合材料耐压壳优选设计研究

目的 提升水下航行器潜深,将复合材料代替高强度钢材料用于水下航行器的耐压结构,对该结构开展优选设计研究,探究其提升耐压壳的极限潜深与降低结构质量的能力。方法 采用分步选优的设计方法对复合材料耐压壳体进行优选。在进行耐压壳体的优选时,考虑铺层百分比、角度、厚度对壳体的稳定性和极限载荷的影响。在进行环肋形式的优选时,从肋骨受力情况出发,考虑肋骨铺层形式对于稳定性的影响。结果 在耐压壳厚度相同的情况下,通过壳体铺层优选,复合材料耐压壳体的失稳压力提升在56.06%以上。在进行肋骨优选后,极限潜深相较于“海狼”级潜艇提升约26.67%,且复合材料耐压壳相较于高强度钢耐压壳质量减轻在80%左右。结论 通过分步优选的方法,可以得到该水下航行器耐压壳的主壳体铺层形式为[0/±45/0/0/±45/0/90/0]s,单层厚度为1.5 mm。环肋形式为T形,环肋面板与腹板均采用环向铺设。