Kinetic study of phytotoxicity induced by foliar lead uptake for vegetables exposed to fine particles and implications for sustainable urban agriculture

At the global scale, foliar metal transfer occurs for consumed vegetables cultivated in numerous urban or industrial areas with a polluted atmosphere. However, the kinetics of metal uptake, translocation and involved phytotoxicity was never jointly studied with vegetables exposed to micronic and sub-micronic particles (PM). Different leafy vegetables (lettuces and cabbages) cultivated in RHIZOtest® devices were, therefore, exposed in a greenhouse for 5, 10 and 15 days to various PbO PM doses. The kinetics of transfer and phytotoxicity was assessed in relation to lead concentration and exposure duration. A significant Pb accumulation in leaves (up to 7392 mg/kg dry weight (DW) in lettuce) with translocation to roots was observed. Lead foliar exposure resulted in significant phytotoxicity, lipid composition change, a decrease of plant shoot growth (up to 68.2% in lettuce) and net photosynthesis (up to 58% in lettuce). The phytotoxicity results indicated plant adaptation to Pb and a higher sensitivity of lettuce in comparison with cabbage. Air quality needs, therefore, to be considered for the health and quality of vegetables grown in polluted areas, such as certain megacities (in China, Pakistan, Europe, etc.) and furthermore, to assess the health risks associated with their consumption.     

Characteristics and mixing state of S-rich particles in haze episodes in Beijing

Direct individual analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with online observation was conducted to examine the S-rich particles in PM_2.5 of two typical polluted haze episodes in summer and winter from 2014 to 2015 in Beijing. Four major types of S-rich particles, including secondary CaSO₄ particles (mainly observed in summer), S-rich mineral particles (SRM), S-rich water droplets (SRW) and (C, O, S)-rich particles (COS) were identified.We found the different typical morphologies and element distributions of S-rich particles and considered that (C, O, S)-rich particles had two major mixing states in different seasons. On the basis of the S-rich particles’ relative abundances, S concentrations and their relationships with PM_2.5 as well as the seasonal comparison, we revealed that the S-participated formation degrees of SRM and SRW would enhance with increasing PM_2.5 concentration. Moreover, C-rich matter and sulfate had seasonally different but significant impacts on the formation of COS.

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WDXRF法测定污染土壤和沉积物中金属元素

采用土壤稀释〖CD*2〗波长色散X射线荧光光谱法（WDXRF）测定污染土壤和沉积物样品中的重金属和As,解决了由于元素含量高超出工作曲线测定范围产生较大误差的问题,确保测定结果的有效性。通过标准物质、实际样品的方法比对评估方法的准确度和精密度,该方法测定标准样品中多个无机元素的分析结果均满足国标准确度要求,与常规ICP OES法测定值一致,相对偏差均＜4.5%。     

灰化-火焰原子吸收法测定人发中的金属元素

讨论了人发中元素测定的前处理条件，并采用灰化－火焰原子吸收法测定了人发中锌，铜，铁，钙和镁５种金属元素的含量。     

辽宁省大气可吸入颗粒物中重金属及多环芳烃污染特征研究

为全面了解辽宁省大气可吸入颗粒物污染状况,2004年在省内选取了5个城市进行分季节采样,并对颗粒物中重金属元素含量和美国优先控制的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了定量研究。结果表明,大气PM10和PM2.5中重金属元素和PAHs污染较重,且冬季高于其它季节,重金属元素和PAHs主要富集在PM2.5及以下细小颗粒物中。     

基于生态学的企业竞争要素及策略研究

企业生态位是联系企业自身生存发展与企业生存环境的纽带,是体现企业竞争力的标志。把生物学中的生态位理论应用到企业竞争分析中,使企业竞争有了新的战略思维。企业要立足自身实力和优势,分析环境的特点以及企业与环境的协调关系,利用企业的能动性,构建适合自身的生态位。本文将运用生态位理论对影响企业竞争的生态要素及策略选择等问题进行研究,试图为企业竞争战略的理论研究和实际应用提供一个可借鉴的方法。     

中下扬子铁帽型金矿氧化剖面及成矿地球化学

铁帽型金矿床氧化剖面自上而下可划分为贫金铁帽亚带、次生金富集铁帽亚带、氧化物-硫化物过渡亚带、原生硫化物亚带。氧化作用诸阶段的主要元素、微量元素、稀土元素、Eh-pH值皆有一定的规律性变化,并与次生金的迁移富集过程具有明显的相关性。     

建设项目景观环境影响评价因素的确定

建设项目对景观的影响应作为环境影响评价的一项内容，在开展该项工作前要确定影响因素。通过各类建设项目对景观环境的影响进行系统的分析和说明，并建立评价的因素体系，对展开建设项目的环境影响评价有一定作用。     

高层建筑承受纵向地震波时的安全核算构想

高层建筑可预期的灾变非至一端，这里仅探讨高层建筑的抗震性能问题。地震过程中楼体受到的是地震波和自身固有频率的共同作用，此时楼体是一个多维动态系统，其应力状态比传统方法所描述的力学模型要复杂行多。本文应用ANSYS三维仿真有限元软件，采用单点响应谱的方法，对楼体在纵向地震波作用下的应力状态和变形情况进行了分析。对楼体构件单元型式的选择、网格密度的确定、有限元模型的建立等也提出了自己的见解。在后处理中，用列表和图形的方式显示了楼体的位移和应用状态。