五氯酚(PCP)高效降解菌Psendomonas sp.CS5的研究

从曾受五氯酚(pentachlorophenol，简称PCP，下同)污染废水的活性污泥中，经驯化富集和分离筛选获得一株PCP降解菌，菌号为CS-W-98-5.在24h内该菌降解w(PCP)=400×10     

Summary of efficacy evaluations using aerially applied Gypchek® against gypsy moth in the U.S.A.

Abstract

Gypchek^®, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) nucleopolyhedrosis virus product, is manufactured by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service under controlled conditions in a laboratory strain of gypsy moth larvae. Gypchek was registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1978 as a general use pesticide to control gypsy moth. This product has been the subject of intense research and development targeted toward maximizing efficacy while minimizing the cost of production and application. The current Gypchek tank mix is applied at 1.25 × 10¹²occlusion bodies (OB's) per hectare for each of two applications (3‐days apart) at 18.7 litres/ha per application.     

醌介体催化强化酸性红B生物脱色

考察了5种结构相似的醌介体(AQS、2,7-AQDS、AQDS、1,5-AQDS和α-AQS)对酸性红B生物脱色的催化强化作用。结果表明,反应进行至5 h,在0～0.24 mmol/L AQS的浓度范围内,最高脱色率达89%(0.24 mmol/L),相对于空白组(28%)提高约3.2倍,且零级反应速率常数K与介体浓度呈正相关线性关系,K=56.571CAQS+22.616(R2=0.9012);最适实验条件为AQS浓度0.24 mmol/L,0.25%NaCl,温度35℃,pH 7;在此实验条件下,5种醌介体相对于空白组脱色效率分别提高了1.14～1.53倍,体系氧化还原电位降低了38～87 mV。本研究为解决偶氮染料生物脱色技术存在的降解速率低的问题提供了新的思路。     

微波辅助Fe-H2O2联合处理罗丹明B废水

对微波辅助Fe-H2O2联合处理罗丹明B废水进行了研究，分别考察了废水pH、H2O2加入量、铁粉加入量、初始罗丹明B质量浓度以及反应时间等因素对罗丹明B去除率的影响。实验结果表明，对于100mg/L的罗丹明B废水，当加入50mg/L铁粉、10.0mL/LH2O2，反应12min后，罗丹明B去除率达到98.7%，并且拓宽了反应的pH范围。     

Ce-PbO2/C电极的制备及其去除水中酸性红B

采用电沉积法制备铈修饰的PbO2/C电极,通过SEM、XRD、XPS及循环伏安对PbO2/C、Ce-PbO2/C电极进行表征,结果表明,Ce-PbO2/C电极比PbO2/C颗粒细小,表面均匀致密,电化学氧化能力较强,修饰电极中Ce以CeO2的形态存在。以Ce-PbO2/C为工作电极,电解浓度为1 000 mg/L的高盐酸性红B模拟活性染料废水,考察了电压、pH、电解质浓度、极间距对脱色率、氨氮去除率及COD去除率的影响。确定适宜工艺条件为:初始酸性红B溶液浓度为1 000 mg/L,pH值为6,电压10 V,电解时间1 h,电极间距1.5 cm,该条件下脱色率、氨氮去除率和COD去除率分别为99.98%、97.23%和90.17%。通过UV-Vis及GC-MS初步分析了降解过程可能存在的中间产物及降解途径。     

载钛活性炭纤维的制备及其对水中罗丹明B的光催化降解

通过溶胶凝胶法制备载钛活性炭纤维(TiO2-ACF)复合材料,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收(UV-Vis)、傅里叶红外分光光度计(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对TiO2-ACF进行了表征,并研究了TiO2-ACF对水中罗丹明B的光催化性能.结果表明,煅烧温度为400—600℃时,负载在ACF上的TiO2为锐钛矿型,当煅烧温度上升到700℃时,TiO2开始出现金红石型,600℃时煅烧制备的TiO2-ACF对水中罗丹明B的降解效果最佳;TiO2-ACF对罗丹明B的吸附能力比ACF低;但是在紫外光条件下,60 min后TiO2-ACF对罗丹明B的降解率比ACF、TiO2对罗丹明B的降解率分别高8.6%和16.2%,TiO2-ACF表现出较高的光催化活性.     

基于环境小卫星反演地表温度以及与实测数据的比较与分析

地表温度（Land Surface Temperature,LST）在地表与大气能量交换中扮演着重要角色,是地表过程分析和模拟的关键参数。随着卫星遥感技术的发展,利用遥感反演地表温度的方法不断出现,如劈窗法（SW）、双角度法(DA)和单通道算法（SC）等。针对HJ-1B星波段特点,选择太湖及其周边区域为研究区,利用地面实测水温数据,对Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法和覃志豪单窗算法的反演精度进行了对比和敏感性分析。结果表明：Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法较覃志豪单窗算法精度稍高,更加接近实测水温数据,但是Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法的敏感性高于覃志豪单窗算法的敏感性,且Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法只适用于一定的水汽含量范围,有一定的局限性。     

Cytochrome P450 BM3 of Bacillus megaterium—A possible endosulfan biotransforming gene

Computing chemistry was applied to understand biotransforrnation mechanism of an organochlorine pesticide, endosulfan. The stereo specific metabolic activity of human CYP-2B6 （cytochrome P450） on endosulfan has been well demonstrated. Sequence and structural similarity search revealed that the bacterium Bacillus megaterium encodes CYP-BM3, which is similar to CYP-2B6. The functional similarity was studied at organism level by batch-scale studies and it was proved that B. megaterium could metabolize endosulfan to endosulfan sulfate, as CYP-2B6 does in human system. The gene expression analyses also confirmed the possible role of CYP-BM3 in endosulfan metabolism. Thus, our results show that the protein structure based in-silico approach can help us to understand and identify microbes for remediation strategy development. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report which has extrapolated the bacterial gene for endosulfan biotransformation through in silico prediction approach for metabolic gene identification.     

河口区新建河道轮虫群落演替及与水环境的关系

于2011年12月~2012年11月对上海一河口性新建河道(临港新城B港河道)的轮虫群落结构进行为期1 a的调查研究,结果表明,调查期间该水体共检出轮虫23种,其中污染指示种19种;轮虫的种类数随河道建成时间的延长呈逐月上升趋势,从2种增加到13种;优势种在时间尺度上的演替明显,由开始的单一优势种螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)向多种轮虫共同占优势转变,新建成的B港水体中的轮虫群落结构与外河水体(芦潮引河)存在明显的差异.相关性分析表明,B港水体中轮虫总密度与温度、叶绿素a显著正相关(P<0.05),但与盐度无显著相关性;除螺形龟甲轮虫外,其他主要种类的密度均与营养盐浓度、盐度呈负相关关系(P<0.05).临港B港河道轮虫各月间的相似性指数较低,说明临港B港河道水体生态系统尚未稳定,仍处于不断变化中;但是轮虫的丰富度Margalef指数、多样性指数Shannon-Wiener指数逐月增大、E/O值逐渐下降.     

Evaluation of Bacillus sp. MZS10 for decolorizing Azure B dye and its decolorization mechanism

To evaluate decolorization and detoxification of Azure B dye by a newly isolated Bacillus sp. MZS10 strain, the cultivation medium and decolorization mechanism of the isolate were investigated. The decolorization was discovered to be dependent on cell density of the isolate and reached 93.55%(0.04 g/L) after 14 hr of cultivation in a 5 L stirred-tank fermenter at 2.0 g/L yeast extract and 6.0 g/L soluble starch and a small amount of mineral salts. The decolorization metabolites were identified with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy(UPLC-MS). A mechanism for decolorization of Azure B was proposed as follows: the C=N in Azure B was initially reduced to –NH by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)-dependent quinone dehydrogenase, and then the –NH further combined with –OH derived from glucose to form a stable and colorless compound through a dehydration reaction. The phytotoxicity was evaluated for both Azure B and its related derivatives produced by Bacillus sp. MZS10 decolorization, indicating that the decolorization metabolites were less toxic than original dye. The decolorization efficiency and mechanism shown by Bacillus sp. MZS10 provided insight on its potential application for the bioremediation of the dye Azure B.