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531.
采用水射流空化强化TiO2光催化处理活性艳红X-3B模拟废水3.3 L,进行了自来水与蒸馏水的效果比较并初步研究了反应温度、催化剂投加量、溶液pH、染料初始质量浓度以及空化管喉管直径对染料去除率的影响。针对模拟废水,实验结果表明:该工艺克服了传统光催化技术中催化剂容易团聚的不足,使反应能够持续进行。溶剂全部为蒸馏水的脱色率和表观反应动力学常数分别是溶剂全部为自来水的2.1倍和4.2倍。在最优条件下:染料初始质量浓度30 mg/L,pH 3.0,温度60℃,TiO2投加量150 mg/L,反应进行90 min后染料脱色率可以达到96%。而在结合实际情况优化后的推荐值下,pH 6.0,温度40℃,空化管喉管直径选用1.5mm,其它条件不变,染料脱色率及COD去除率分别为69%和54%,该结果更能指导实践。 相似文献
532.
533.
Gerard W. Wall Richard L. GarciaFrank Wechsung Bruce A. Kimball 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,144(1):390-404
Atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) is rising, predicted to cause global warming, and alter precipitation patterns. During 1994, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Alexis) was grown in a strip-split-plot experimental design to determine the effects that the main plot Ca treatments [A: Ambient at 370 μmol (CO2) mol−1; E: Enriched with free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) at ∼550 μmol (CO2) mol−1] had on several gas exchange properties of fully expanded sunlit primary leaves. The interacting strip-split-plot irrigation treatments were Dry or Wet [50% (D) or 100% (W) replacement of potential evapotranspiration] at ample nitrogen (261 kg N ha−1) and phosphorous (29 kg P ha−1) fertility. Elevated Ca facilitated drought avoidance by reducing stomatal conductance (gs) by 34% that conserved water and enabled stomata to remain open for a longer period into a drought. This resulted in a 28% reduction in drought-induced midafternoon depression in net assimilation rate (A). Elevated Ca increased A by 37% under Dry and 23% under Wet. Any reduction in A under Wet conditions occurred because of nonstomatal limitations, whereas under Dry it occurred because of stomatal limitations. Elevated Ca increased the diurnal integral of A (A′) that resulted in an increase in the seasonal-long integral of A′ (A″) for barley leaves by 12% (P = 0.14) under both Dry and Wet - 650, 730, 905 and 1020 ± 65 g (C) m−2 y−1 for AD, ED, AW and EW treatments, respectively. Elevated Ca increased season-long average dry weight (DWS; crown, shoots) by 14% (P = 0.02), whereas deficit irrigation reduced DWS by 7% (P = 0.06), although these values may have been affected by a short but severe pea aphid [Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)] infestation. Hence, an elevated-Ca-based improvement in gas exchange properties enhanced growth of a barley crop. 相似文献
534.
535.
Seiedeh Aghileh Mirsadeghi Mohamad Pauzi Zakari Chee Kong Yap Azadeh Shahbazi 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(2):336-345
The concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) present in the sediment and water of Peninsular
Malaysia as well as in the cockle Anadara granosa was investigated. Samples were extracted and analysed with gas chromatographymass
spectrometry. The concentrations of total carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (t-PAHs) were measured between 0.80
0.04 to 162.96 14.74 ng/g wet weight (ww) in sediment, between 21.85 2.18 to 76.2 10.82 ng/L in water samples and between
3.34 0.77 to 46.85 5.50 ng/g ww in the cockle tissue. The risk assessment of probable human carcinogens in the Group B2 PAHs
was calculated and assessed in accordance with the standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Case
I in the toxicity assessment analysed the cancer risk to consumers of Malaysian blood cockle. Case II assessed the risk of cancer
from exposure to PAHs from multiple pathways. The average cancer risk of case I and case II were found to be classifiable as unsafe
according to the US EPA standard. The cancer risk due to c-PAHs acquired by the ingestion of blood cockle was (8.82 0.54) 10??6
to (2.67 0.06) 10??2, higher than the US EPA risk management criterion. The non-cancer risks associated with multiple pathways in
Kuala Gula, Kuala Juru and Kuala Perlis were higher than the US EPA safe level, but the non-cancer risk for eating blood cockle was
below the level of US EPA concern. 相似文献
536.
2005年4月-2006年3月年间对军山湖河蚬进行了周年逐月采集,对河蚬的种群动态进行了分析,并采用Brey经验公式测算了军山湖河蚬周年生产量。结果表明,河蚬周年平均生物量为115.84 g/m2,平均密度为51.93 ind./m2。种群密度及生物量峰值出现在58、月5,月分别为90.67 ind./m21,87.39 g/m2;8月分别为72 ind./m2,170.67 g/m2。密度及生物量在次年3月份为最低值,分别为27.2 ind./m2,58.88 g/m2。河蚬周年生产量(AFDW)为10.86(g/m2.yr),P/B系数为0.52,结果较为合理。P/B系数较低,说明这一资源日趋贫乏,需要合理的保护利用。 相似文献
537.
1900年以来东北深源地震区6.0级以上深源地震与黑龙江及邻近地区5级左右浅源地震存在较好的对应关系。通过概率增益模型检验这种对应关系,发现并非随机对应,而是存在一定的内在物理联系。通过B分布函数的概率计算,预测2010年2月19日中俄交界6.5级地震后两年内,黑龙江及邻近地区发生5级左右地震的概率为0.58。 相似文献
538.
氯氧铁非均相催化过氧化氢降解罗丹明B 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
传统芬顿(Fenton)法因反应pH值低、产生大量铁泥等限制其规模化应用.采用化学气相转变法制备氯氧铁(FeOCl)纳米片,选择罗丹明B为模型污染物,研究FeOCl作为类芬顿催化剂催化过氧化氢(H_2O_2)降解罗丹明B性能.通过扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和X射线衍射光谱(XRD)等表征结果显示,FeOCl晶型结构完整、呈现纳米片状,可充分暴露催化活性位点.罗丹明B降解实验结果表明,H_2O_2投量为1. 67 mmol·L~(-1)时,投加200 mg·L~(-1)FeOCl,可使得罗丹明B去除率由15. 5%提高至100%(15 min). FeOCl的催化性能随pH升高而降低,初始pH为3、5和7时,反应15 min后罗丹明B去除率分别为100%、100%和84. 0%,初始pH提升至9,去除率则显著降低至57. 6%.与传统Fenton法比较,FeOCl催化H_2O_2的pH值范围明显拓展,在弱酸性和中性条件下表现出优良的催化性能.自由基淬灭实验表明,FeOCl/H_2O_2体系催化降解罗丹明B起主要作用的是羟基自由基(·OH).电子自旋共振波谱仪测定(EPR)结果表明,单独H_2O_2体系未检测出明显的自由基信号,而投加FeOCl使得·OH信号显著增强,·OH是降解罗丹明B的主要氧化活性物种. 相似文献
539.
540.
In the present work, degradation of rhodamine B, a typical dye effluent commonly observed in chemical processing wastewaters has been investigated using a sonochemical reactor with capacity of 7 L. The reactor consists of an ultrasonic bath equipped with a single large transducer having longitudinal vibrations with operating frequency of 25 kHz and rated power output of 1 kW. The effect of operational conditions such as the rhodamine B initial concentration, operating pH and use of additives such as H(2)O(2), CCl(4) and TiO(2) has been investigated initially. A mathematical model has also been fitted to estimate the rate constant for rhodamine B removal under different operating conditions. Intensification studies have been carried by combining sonochemical oxidation with photocatalytic oxidation under optimized conditions. In all the investigated systems, complete removal of rhodamine B (10 ppm initial concentration) was obtained using a combination of sonochemical reactor and CCl(4). Sonocatalysis (in the presence of TiO(2)) of rhodamine B showed 92% degradation, while sonophotocatalysis gave degradation of 93%. TOC analysis at various optimum conditions was also performed to quantify the extent of mineralization and it was observed that the extent of mineralization is always lower than the extent of removal of parent compound. 相似文献