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81.
82.
Ning Sun Menachem Elimelech Ne-Zheng Sun Joseph N. Ryan 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2001,49(3-4):173-199
A two-dimensional model for colloid transport in geochemically and physically heterogeneous porous media is presented. The model considers patchwise geochemical heterogeneity, which is suitable to describe the chemical variability of many surficial aquifers with ferric oxyhydroxide-coated porous matrix, as well as spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity, which results in heterogeneous flow field. The model is comprised of a transient fluid flow equation, a transient colloid transport equation, and an equation for the dynamics of colloid deposition and release. Numerical simulations were carried out with the model to investigate the colloid transport behavior in layered and randomly heterogeneous porous media. Results demonstrate that physical and geochemical heterogeneities markedly affect the colloid transport behavior. Layered physical or geochemical heterogeneity can result in distinct preferential flow paths of colloidal particles. Furthermore, the combined effect of layered physical and geochemical heterogeneity may result in enhanced or reduced preferential flow of colloids. Random distribution of physical heterogeneity (hydraulic conductivity) results in a random flow field and an irregularly distributed colloid concentration profile in the porous medium. Contrary to random physical heterogeneity, the effect of random patchwise geochemical heterogeneity on colloid transport behavior is not significant. It is mostly the mean value of geochemical heterogeneity rather than its distribution that governs the colloid transport behavior. 相似文献
83.
84.
Aggelopoulos C Klepetsanis P Theodoropoulou MA Pomoni K Tsakiroglou CD 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2005,77(4):299-323
The estimation of humidity in the unsaturated zone of soils and NAPL saturation in contaminated aquifers may be based on the interpretation of electrical resistivity index logs. In the present work, concepts of the theory of the two-phase flow in pore networks are employed to interpret the form of the equilibrium and dynamic resistivity index curves of large porous samples. A resistivity cell is constructed to measure the capillary and electrical properties of large samples of unconsolidated porous media. The drainage capillary pressure and resistivity index curves of a sand column are measured by using the micropore membrane (porous plate) method, where a 0.5% wt/vol NaCl aqueous solution is displaced by n-dodecane. The dynamic resistivity index curves are measured by using the continuous injection technique for various orientations of the sand column. Based on concepts of the two-phase flow theory, concerning the dominant displacement growth pattern in a pore network and arising from the cooperative effects of capillary, buoyancy, and viscous forces, approximate relationships are developed for the resistivity index and saturation exponent as functions of the water saturation. The saturation exponent decreases as the displacement advances and the fluid distribution across the sand column tends to be homogenized after oil breakthrough. Both the resistivity index and saturation exponent increase as the displacement pattern tends to become compact and stable. In the destabilized flow pattern, as the Bond number decreases, the resistivity index may increase respectably within a narrow range of values of the Bond number. This happens when the thickness of the unstable capillary finger exceeds the lateral dimension of the porous sample and becomes a fractal percolation cluster. The saturation exponent becomes almost constant and independent of water saturation only over the destabilized displacement pattern at high values of the Bond number. 相似文献
85.
通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了有序多孔的TiO_2材料。通过共混、反相悬浮、交联制备了壳聚糖/二氧化钛(CHS/TiO_2)复合材料,研究了制备材料的吸附性能。结果显示,复合材料的吸附性能优于TiO_2和壳聚糖的吸附性能。比表面积(BET)分析表明,复合材料的比表面积稍大于TiO_2的比表面积,且所制备的材料为介孔分布材料。 相似文献
86.
Combining material characterization with single and multi-oxyanion
adsorption for mechanistic study of chromate removal by cationic hydrogel 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Cationic hydrogel with magnetic property was synthesized via radical polymerization and its removal capacity of chromate from
contaminated water was found to be 200 mg/g. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) study, the mechanism of
chromate removal by hydrogel was found to be non-specific adsorption, mainly due to ion exchange, as evidenced by the positively
charged functional group, trimethyl ammonium –N+(CH3)3; in the monomer. Verifications were accordingly determined by testing
different oxyanion adsorption onto the hydrogel. The results of the chromate adsorption experiments illustrated that the amount
of chromate adsorbed was nearly equal to that of the chloride released from the hydrogel, which is part of the evidence for ion
exchange. Single and multi-oxyanion adsorption experiments were also performed, and it was demonstrated that ion removal was
species independent, but charge dependent, another characteristic of the ion exchange process. It was found that the same Langmuir
model can be applied to best fit the findings of single and multi-oxyanion adsorption, which further indicates the mechanism of chromate
removal is attributed to ion exchange. In view of the above, the background anions compete for adsorption sites with chromate,
evidenced by inhibitive chromate removal in the presence of background electrolytes in the batch studies, further echoing the ion
exchange mechanism. 相似文献
87.
采用原位聚合热合成法成功制备了聚丙烯酰胺-壳聚糖季铵盐半互穿网络水凝胶(PAAm/HACC semi-IPN)新型吸附剂(s-IPN 1.5)和(s-IPN 3),并用于吸附水体中的腐殖酸.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)等方法对吸附剂的结构进行表征.考察了溶液pH、离子强度、接触时间、腐殖酸初始浓度及温度等对吸附剂吸附腐殖酸的影响.结果表明s-IPN 3的吸附效果要优于s-IPN 1.5.吸附剂对腐殖酸的吸附量随着pH的增大而减小,随温度的升高而增大,且一定的离子强度有助于吸附剂对腐殖酸的吸附.吸附过程能较好地用准二级动力学模型及Sips等温模型进行拟合.吸附剂在pH 7.0,离子强度0.01 mol·L-1,温度为298 K条件下的最大吸附量可高达238.08 mg·g-1,吸附效果显著,能有效去除水体中的腐殖酸. 相似文献
88.
Two challenges persist in the applications of nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) for environmental remediation and waste treatment: limited mobility due to rapid aggregation and short lifespan in water due to quick oxidation. Herein, we report the nZVI incorporated into mesoporous carbon(MC) to enhance stability in aqueous solution and mobility in porous media. Meanwhile, the reactivity of nZVI is preserved thanks to high temperature treatment and confinement of carbon framework. Small-sized(~16 nm) nZVI nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the whole carbon frameworks. Importantly, the nanoparticles are partially trapped across the carbon walls with a portion exposed to the mesopore channels. This unique structure not only is conductive to hold the nZVI tightly to avoid aggregation during mobility but also provides accessible active sites for reactivity. This new type of nanomaterial contains ~10 wt% of iron. The nZVI@MC possesses a high surface area(~ 500 m~2/g) and uniform mesopores(~ 4.2 nm) for efficient pollutant diffusion and reactions. Also, high porosity of nZVI@MC contributes to the stability and mobility of nZVI. Laboratory column experiments further demonstrate that nZVI@MC suspension(~4 g Fe/L) can pass through sand columns much more efficiently than bare nZVI while the high reactivity of nZVI@MC is confirmed from reactions with Ni(II). It exhibits remarkably better performance in nickel(20 mg/L) extraction than mesoporous carbon, with 88.0% and 33.0%uptake in 5 min, respectively. 相似文献
89.
Panida Prarat Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai Sutha Khaodhiar Patiparn Punyapalakul 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(5):346-360
Adsorption mechanisms and the role of different porous and crystalline structures on the removal of five haloacetonitriles (HANs) over hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS), titanium substituted mesoporous silica (Ti-HMS), rod-shaped SBA-15 and microporous zeolite NaY were investigated. In addition, the effect of pH on adsorption mechanism and selective adsorption of five HANs individually and in an equimolar mixed solution were evaluated. The results indicated that the intraparticle diffusion rate constants of the mesoporous adsorbents were higher than that of the microporous NaY. In single solute, the order of adsorption preference (highest to lowest) was mono-HANs?>?di-HANs?>?tri-HAN. However, in mixed solute, the large molecular weight of the tri-HAN and di-HANs are more easily adsorbed than the smaller molecular weight mono-HANs. Except for SBA-15, the order of adsorption capacities in mixed HANs solute was not different compared to that observed for the single HAN solute, which might be caused by the higher accessibility to the active sites due to larger pore size. The ion-dipole electrostatic interaction was likely to be the main adsorption mechanism, and was favored at high pH values due to the high negative surface charge density of the adsorbent. The molecular structure of the HANs and hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature affected the adsorption capacities and their selective adsorption from mixed solutes. 相似文献
90.
Di Zhang Rong Hou Wenbo Wang He Zhao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(6):78