Distribution of PBDEs in air particles from an electronic waste recycling site compared with Guangzhou and Hong Kong, South China

Air samples of total suspended particles (TSP, particles less than 30-60 microm), and particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) were collected simultaneously at Guiyu (an electronic waste recycling site), three urban sites in Hong Kong and two urban sites in Guangzhou, South China from 16 August to 17 September 2004. Twenty-two PBDE congeners (BDE-3, -7, -15, -17, -28, -49, -71, -47, -66, -77, -100, -119, -99, -85, -126, -154, -153, -138, -156, -184, -183, -191) in TSP and PM(2.5) were measured. The results showed that the overall average concentrations of TSP and PM(2.5) collected at Guiyu were 124 and 62.1 microg m(-3), respectively. The monthly concentrations of the sum of 22 BDE congeners contained in TSP and PM(2.5) at Guiyu were 21.5 and 16.6 ng m(-3), with 74.5 and 84.3%, contributed by nine congeners (BDE-28, -47, -66, -100, -99, -154, -153, -183 and -191 respectively). This pattern was similar to Tsuen Wan site of Hong Kong. Two urban sites of Guangzhou had the same congener pattern, but were different from Yuen Long and Hok Tsui sites of Hong Kong. The results also showed that the amount of mono to penta brominated congeners, which are more toxic, accounted for 79.4-95.6% of Sigma(22)PBDEs from all sites. All congeners tested in Guiyu were up to 58-691 times higher than the other urban sites and more than 100 times higher than other studies reported elsewhere. The higher concentration in the air was due to heating or opening burning of electronic waste since PBDEs are formed when plastics containing brominated flame retardants are heated.     

丽江市冬季大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）中水溶性离子化学特征

2008年12月～2009年1月在丽江市共采集25个TSP样品,目的是研究丽江市冬季TSP中水溶性离子的化学特征及它们的来源情况.结果表明,样品中主要水溶性离子的电荷浓度:Cl-、NO3-、SO42-、Na+、NH4+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+分别为16.00、14.95、49.40、3.12、44.75、8.65、2...     

除夕夜燃放烟花爆竹对城市环境的影响

基于５年的监测数据，文章分析了除夕夜燃放烟花爆竹对环境产生的恶劣影响。等效声级高达９５．８—１１０．８ｄＢ（Ａ），超过标准５５．８—７０．８ｄＢ（Ａ），瞬时最大声级高达１２５．０ｄＢ（Ａ）；ＴＳＰ、ＳＯ２和ＮＯｘ的浓度高达２３．７６—３９．８０ｍｇ／ｍ３、１．３４１—５．６０２ｍｇ／ｍ３和０．４９３—１．１４０ｍｇ／ｍ３，分别超过标准２２．８一３８．８倍、１．７一１０．２倍和２．３一６．６倍，因此建议在城市区域禁止其燃放．     

Temporal variability in atmospheric Hg released from natural and anthropogenic sources in central Taiwan

From September 2011 to February 2012, ambient air particulate and particulate-bound mercury [Hg(p)] concentrations were measured, together with dry deposition using a cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS) analyser, at two characteristic sampling sites in central Taiwan. Results from the sampling site at Westin Park indicated that the lowest particulate dry deposition and lowest average particulate concentrations in total suspended particles (TSP) occurred in September (29.70±7.47 μ g m^?2×min) and February (34.38±13.60 ng m^?3), respectively. Moreover, results from the Gung-Ming junior high school (airport) site, showed that the highest average particulate dry deposition and average highest particulate concentrations in TSP occurred in February (156.76±30.36 μ g m^?2×min) and January (125.49±9.51 ng m^?3), respectively, during the winter. The Dragon Steel Plant and Han-Shian Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation were both nearby. These factors led to the high Hg(p) concentrations at Taichung Airport (TA) compared with Westin Park. Local large suspended particulates from heavy traffic were the main reason for the high average Hg(p) deposition at Westin Park compared with TA in this study.     

Antidiabetic effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder in a rat model

Free radical production and oxidative stress are known to increase in liver during diabetes and may contribute to oxidative damage. In this study, the effect of oral feeding of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder (TSP) has been studied on blood glucose, membrane-linked ATPases, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, lipofuscin content and membrane fluidity in livers of a diabetic rat. Diabetes was induced by administration of alloxan monohydrate. Hyperglycemia during diabetes has been shown to entail free radical generation, with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin content, inhibition of membrane-linked ATPases, increased antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased membrane fluidity. TSP treatment reverses the changes to near normal levels thereby ameliorating the management of diabetic complications.     

吐鲁番城区大气污染状况及防治对策

根据近4年吐鲁番城区的大气污染监测资料,对城区大气污染状况进行了分析和评价,对其成因进行了分析,并提出具体的防治对策。     

北京地区大气颗粒物污染的风向因素研究

2005年9月~2006年9月在北京市北部、中部、南部3个点位采集了大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)样品,并采用电感耦合等离子体光谱、质谱技术测定了29种无机元素.基于大气浓度数据和气象观测资料,研究了925hPa时不同风向对北京市TSP浓度及Al、Fe、Ca、S、Se、Pb、Zn等特征元素空间分布及来源的影响.结果表明,TSP及Al、Fe等地壳来源元素在东北、西北、西南3种风向下,3点位的平均浓度变化不大,表现出明显的顺东北风递增的特征;Pb、Zn等冶炼排放元素的3点位平均浓度以西南风时为高,并表现出明显的顺西南风递减的特征.Pb、Zn等重金属元素主要来源于北京南部以远地区有色冶金企业排放的大气传输;而地壳元素主要来自北京本地排放源的贡献.     

中国春季北方大气气溶胶浓度特征

采用2008年和2009年春季10个气溶胶观测站资料,分析了我国北方3个代表区域的气溶胶浓度特征与空间分布特点以及气溶胶粒子粒径的异同,并结合一次典型的沙尘天气过程,利用气溶胶和气象资料,讨论了沙尘天气对ρ（TSP）的影响以及各观测站点ρ（TSP）的变化特点. 结果表明:西北区域站点ρ（TSP）最高,达到0.488 mg/m3,其中以沙尘和土壤等粗模态粒子为主,占ρ（TSP）的50.7%;北部区域站点ρ（TSP）为0.350 mg/m3,主要由PM_2.5及沙尘、土壤等粗模态粒子组成,它们分别占ρ（TSP）的55.7%和30.9%;北京地区ρ（TSP）最低,平均值为0.252 mg/m3,ρ（PM_10）占ρ（TSP）比例较高,达到94.4%,其中ρ（PM_2.5）占ρ（TSP）的54.7%;沙尘天气强度和发生次数对气溶胶浓度年际变化影响明显,而天气形势对沙尘天气的发生发挥重要作用.      

我国主要城市的大气质量的反演、重建与分析

该文收集有关城市的1959~1979年逐年的晴天太阳辐射资料,根据辐射传输方程扣除水汽和CO₂的吸收效应,利用各地区污染物浓度垂直分布和混合层高度规律,再同已有的TSP监测资料分区分析,可得到有关地区的大气TSP质量的逐年反演值。      

微波萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境空气总悬浮颗粒物中16种多环芳烃

用丙酮/正己烷(1∶1)混合溶剂,微波萃取法提取环境空气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)中16种多环芳烃组分,各组分萃取率为66%～83%,萃取效果较好。高效液相色谱法二极管阵列检测器和荧光检测器串联可同时测出16种多环芳烃组分。在二极管阵列检测器响应的组分检测限为2 5μg/L～5 0μg/L,荧光检测器响应的组分检测限为0 01μg/L～0 1μg/L。对25μg/L16种多环芳烃标液作精密度试验,相对标准差均<5%,精密度好。取两个交通干线环境空气样品作TSP中多环芳烃测定,16种组分中除蒽、茚并(1,2,3cd)芘、芘、苊烯4种组分外,其他12种组分均有检出。