植茶年限对土壤酸度及其团聚体交换性酸分布的影响

为明晰土壤酸度与团聚体交换性酸对植茶年限的响应特征,采用野外实地调查和室内分析相结合的方法,以植茶16、23、31和53 a的土壤为研究对象,开展不同植茶年限对土壤酸度及其团聚体交换性酸分布的影响.结果表明:①随着植茶年限的延长,土壤pH逐渐降低,交换性氢、交换性铝和交换性酸含量均呈升高的趋势.各植茶年限土壤0~20 cm土层pH均低于>20~40 cm土层,而交换性氢、交换性铝和交换性酸含量则表现出相反的变化趋势,且交换性氢含量在植茶23 a后的增幅可达21.29%. ②土壤交换性氢、交换性铝和交换性酸含量均随团聚体粒径的减小而升高,各粒径团聚体交换性氢、交换性铝和交换性酸含量随植茶年限的延长而逐渐升高. ③各植茶年限土壤团聚体交换性氢的分配比例均远低于交换性铝.随团聚体粒径的减小,各植茶年限交换性氢的分配比例均呈升高的趋势,而交换性铝的分配比例则呈降低趋势. 0~20 cm土层各粒径团聚体交换性氢的分配比例均以植茶53 a时较高,为17.97%~19.69%;>20~40 cm土层各粒径团聚体交换性氢的分配比例以植茶16 a时较高,为19.51%~22.77%,而各粒径团聚体交换性铝的分配比例则呈相反的趋势.研究显示,长期植茶会导致土壤酸化,随着植茶年限的延长,土壤pH逐渐降低,交换性氢、交换性铝和交换性酸含量均升高,不同粒径团聚体对交换性酸的保持能力存在明显差异.      

粤东凤凰山茶区土壤氟化学形态特征及其影响因素

采用连续化学提取法对粤东凤凰山茶区12个较大型茶园共60份土壤样品氟的5种化学形态分布进行研究.结果发现,土壤中氟的5种化学形态分布的规律为残余态〉〉铁锰结合态〉有机态〉水溶态〉可交换态.水溶态氟含量与可交换态氟含量、残余态氟含量及总氟含量呈显著正相关性,而铁锰结合态含量与有机束缚态之间呈显著正相关性,残余态与总氟之间...     

茶园节肢动物群落数量动态研究

从群落生态学的角度对茶园节肢动物群落动态变化进行了初步探讨.通过对安徽省黄山市休宁县农家茶园的调查,获得了关于茶园节肢动物群落的组成、个体数量及其物种数等数据.结果表明,4-5月份茶园一般不需要进行施药防治,此时天敌种类和数量相对较多,对害虫起控制作用,这一时期应做好害虫测报和防治准备,为茶农防治茶园害虫提供科学方法.     

不同生长期暴马丁香叶中活性成分分析

通过对不同采收期暴马丁香叶中主要活性成分和微量元素含量的分析,研究活性成分与微量元素对暴马丁香叶质量的影响.采用高效液相色谱法测定暴马丁香叶中紫丁香苷的含量,紫外分光光度法测定其总黄酮和多糖的含量,原子吸收分光光度法测定其铁、锰、锌、铜的含量,再采用SPSS16.0软件对测定结果进行统计分析.暴马丁香叶中紫丁香苷和总黄酮在5月2日含量较高,4月20日含量较低;总多糖和4种微量元素在5月2日含量较低,4月20日含量较高.与不同采收期紫丁香苷和总黄酮含量上升或下降趋势对比,总多糖和微量元素的含量变化总体上却与其相反.暴马丁香叶中紫丁香苷、总黄酮与Fe、Mn、Zn元素间呈现一定的拮抗作用,而多糖与Fe、Zn、Cu元素间呈协同作用,微量元素对暴马丁香叶的质量有一定的影响.     

Chlorobenzenes in waterweeds from the Xijiang River （Guangdong section） of the Pearl River

The Xijiang River is the major source of water for about 4.5 millions of urban population and 28.7 millions of rural population. The water quality is very important for the health of the rural population. The concentration and distribution of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in both water and waterweeds collected from 4 stations in the Xijiang River (Gangdong section) of the Pearl River in April and November were determined. The result showed that nearly every congener of CBs was detected. The total contents of CBs (∑CBs) in the river water ranged from 111.1 to 360.0 ng/L in April and from 151.9 to 481.7 ng/L in November, respectively. The pollution level of CBs in the water in April was higher than that in November. The contents of ∑ CBs in waterweeds ranged from 13.53×102 μg/g to 38.27×102μg/g dry weight (dw). There was no significant difference between April and November in waterweeds. The distribution of CBs in roots, caulis, and leaves of Vallisneria spiralis L. showed different patterns. The leaves mainly contained low-molecular-weight CBs(DCBs), whereas the roots accumulated more PCBs and HCBs. The average lgBCFlip (bioconcentration factor) of CBs ranged from 0.64 to 3.57 in the waterweeds. The spatial distribution character of CBs in the Xijiang River was: Fengkai County ＜ Yunan County ＜Yun'an County ＜ Gaoyao County according to the ∑CBs, and the pollution deteriorated from the upstream to the downstream of the Xijiang River. Further analysis demonstrated that the discharge of waste containing CBs may be the main source of CBs pollution in the Xijiang River.     

Life cycle assessment of an industrial symbiosis based on energy recovery from dried sludge and used oil

Recovering energy from wastes is a useful strategy for integrated waste and energy management in an eco-industrial park (EIP) and gives promising reduction of wastes, total energy consumption and operation cost. In Jinqiao EIP, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, an industrial symbiosis, based on the energy recovery from municipal sewage sludge and re-refined oil, was proposed in the central heat-supplying company of Jinqiao EIP. It is expected that hot off-gas or part of the steam from the central heat-supplying company could be used for sludge drying and used oil re-refining while the dried sludge and refined oil can be partial substitution for fossil fuel. For the purpose of assessing the environmental performance of this industrial symbiosis, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used and different scenarios were set up in this study to evaluate the Global warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Human toxicity air (HTA) and Total Environmental Impact Potential (TEIP) of the system. Results indicate that when the substitute ratio of coal by sludge is 14%, the proposed industrial symbiosis has the least environmental impact. Compared with the current situation (sludge is landfilled), co-combustion of dried sludge and re-refined oil with coal at optimal scale will release less CO₂, CH₄, NO_x, N₂O and CO, but more SO₂, H₂S, NH₃, HCl, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and heavy metals.     

利用废茶制备活性炭及其吸附性能的研究

实验利用提取茶多酚后的废茶以微波磷酸活化法制备活性炭,研究磷酸活化剂浓度、微波功率、微波辐照时间、浸渍比等因素对制备的活性炭亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响。分别通过单一因素分析及正交实验,找到制备活性炭的最佳条件：微波功率700W、辐照时间8min、磷酸浓度20％、磷酸／样品浸渍（质量）比3：1。利用该最佳条件制备的活性炭,验证实验表明：亚甲基蓝吸附值均〉75．12mg/g,活性炭平均回收率达到65．28％。     

茶园土壤水溶性氟含量的模拟调控

以湖北英山、大悟、竹山、赤壁和浙江杭州茶园土壤为研究对象,通过施加一定量的CaCO3、CaO、Ca3(PO4)2、CaCl2和CaSO4来调控土壤中水溶性氟含量,结果表明：英山、大悟和竹山茶园土壤中施加一定量的CaCl2或CaSO4均可降低土壤中水溶性氟含量,英山和大悟茶园土壤中可施加1～2 g·kg-1的CaCl2或...     

不同水分条件下土地利用方式对我国热带地区土壤硝化过程及NO和N2O排放的影响

热带地区雨热条件丰富,硝化过程产生的硝态氮不利于氮素养分的保持,同时会带来氮氧化物排放等环境负面效应.橡胶树和茶树在热带地区广泛种植,不同土地利用方式土壤硝化速率和氮氧化物排放的差异尚不清楚.以海南白沙地区典型橡胶林和茶园土壤为研究对象,分别采集5 a （T5）和15 a （T15）茶园土壤和附近橡胶林（XJ）土壤,设置低（50% WFPS-L）和高（80% WFPS-H）两种不同水分含量,在25℃进行71d室内培养试验,探究不同土地利用方式和不同水分含量对土壤净硝化速率、NO和N₂O排放的影响.结果表明：①橡胶林改为茶园后,在高含水量条件下,显著降低了土壤净硝化速率、NO和N₂O排放,整体呈现XJH>T15H>T5H的趋势,XJH处理土壤净硝化速率、NO和N₂O排放分别高达4.2 mg ·（kg ·d）^-1、1.4 mg ·kg^-1和14.3 mg ·kg^-1（以N计）;在低含水量条件下,茶园土壤显著降低了土壤NO排放,N₂O排放在各土壤间差异不显著,净硝化速率在XJ和T15处理之间无显著差异;土壤NO排放和净硝化速率呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）.②XJH净硝化速率高于XJL,茶园土壤呈相反趋势;XJ和T15的NO排放对水分的响应和净硝化速率趋势一致,高硝化速率促进NO排放,而T5处理NO排放受含水量影响不显著;相比低含水量处理,高含水量各处理显著促进N₂O排放.结果表明,土壤有机质（SOM）、全氮（TN）、pH和含水量是影响土壤净硝化速率、NO和N₂O排放的关键因子,高含水量条件下橡胶林转为茶园的种植模式显著降低了土壤净硝化速率和对环境的负面影响.     

Identification and expression of the COI1 gene family in Camellia sinensis and its expression in oolong tea processing北大核心CSCD

茉莉酸受体蛋白COI1(coronatine insensitive 1)是茉莉酸信号转导途径的重要组成部分,为鉴定分析茶树茉莉酸受体COI1基因家族,预测其潜在的分子功能,了解茉莉酸受体COI1基因在乌龙茶加工中应答胁迫的分子机制,利用生物信息学方法对茶树茉莉酸受体COI1进行家族成员鉴定,氨基酸序列、结构域、基因结构、进化分析以及启动子顺式元件分析,结合实时荧光定量分析CsCOI1基因在乌龙茶加工中的表达.结果显示,茶树茉莉酸受体CsCOI1家族有两个成员,均含有F-box和富亮氨酸重复序列(LRRs)两个结构域;单子叶、双子叶的COI1蛋白各聚一支,且与蜜柑进化关系较近;茶树COI1基因家族两个成员均含有3个内含子,启动子顺势元件主要有胁迫响应元件、激素响应元件以及光响应元件;转录组数据说明茶树CsCOI1基因具有较强的组织表达差异性.实时荧光定量分析表明,CsCOI1a基因在室内萎凋后表达显著上调,且15 min、30 min日光萎凋后CsCOI1b基因的表达水平显著上调,同时茉莉酸含量发生显著变化.本研究推测CsCOI1基因可能通过茉莉酸信号转导途径参与乌龙茶加工中萎凋的胁迫响应过程,该结果可为乌龙茶加工品质调控奠定基础.(图8表2参30)