Influence of ship emissions on NOx, SO2, O3 and PM concentrations in a North-Sea harbor in France

The influence of in-port ship emissions on gases and PM_(10) concentrations has been estimated in the port city of Calais, northern France, one of the busiest harbor in Europe,with numerous rotations of ferries or roll-on/roll-off cargo in average per day. NO_x, SO_2, O_3 and PM_(10) concentrations were continuously measured over a three-month period, as well as real-time particle size distribution. A rural site located at Cape Gris-Nez, 20km from Calais, was considered to deduce intrinsic contribution of ship emissions at the harbor city.The average concentrations of the studied species as well as the pattern of the conditional bivariate probability function at the two sites evidenced that in-port shipping, especially during the maneuvering operations, has an important influence on the NO_xand SO_2 concentrations. The impact of shipping in the harbor of Calais on average concentrations was estimated to 51% for SO_2, 35% for NO, 15% for NO_2 and 2% for PM_(10) in the studied period.Concentration peaks of SO_2 and NO_x associated with an O_3 depletion appeared synchronized with departures and arrivals of ferries. For winds blowing from the harbor,when compared to the background level, the number of particles appeared 10 times higher,with the highest differences in the 30–67nm and the 109–167 nm size ranges. The average impact of in-port ships on PM310 concentrations was estimated to + 28.9 μg/mand concerned mainly the PM1 size fraction(40%). Punctually, PM_(10) can potentially reach a concentration value close to 100 μg/m~3.     

厦门西海域表层沉积物中甾醇的模糊聚类分析

通过流动法技术研究了ＣｕＯ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上添加Ｌａ２Ｏ３对ＣＯ和ＣＨ４的氧化活性．通过Ｏ２ＴＰＤＭＳ等技术研究了催化剂上表面氧脱附与表面氧恢复能力．结果表明，Ｌａ２Ｏ３的添加改善了ＣｕＯ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂对ＣＯ和ＣＨ４的氧化活性；Ｌａ２Ｏ３的添加促进了ＣｕＯ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上表面氧的脱附和表面氧的恢复．     

Environmental Monitoring Of Remedial Dredging At The New Bedford Harbor, Ma, Superfund Site

New Bedford Harbor (NBH), MA, is a Superfund site because of high polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in the sediment. From April 1994 to September 1995, a remedial dredging operation (termed the “Hot Spot”) removed the most contaminated sediments (PCB concentrations greater than 4000μg/g) from the upper harbor. During remediation, a monitoring program assessed the potential environmental impacts to NBH and adjacent Buzzards Bay. The monitoring program was developed with input from federal, state, and local authorities. Site-specific decision criteria were established to assess net PCB transport, water column toxicity, and PCB bioaccumulation in blue and ribbed mussels (Mytilus edulis and Geukensia demissa, respectively). The remediation was completed without exceeding PCB net transport or acute toxicity effects specified in the decision criteria. In addition, PCB bioaccumulation in mussels during this time period was not significantly greater than pre- or post-operational measurements. The results indicated that approximately 14000 cubic yards of highly PCB contaminated sediment were permanently removed with minimal environmental effects. The lessons learned during this operation, as well as previous pilot studies at the site, will be used to make full-scale remedial efforts in NBH more efficient and environmentally protective.     

海南岛东寨港区域水体中有机氯农药组成与时空分布

利用GC-ECD对海南岛东寨港区域水体中有机氯农药(OCPs)进行检测.结果表明,地表水中ρ(OCPs)为2.53～241.97 ng/L,海水中ρ(OCPs)为3.60～28.30 ng/L;地表水中的ρ(OCPs)呈季节性分布,枯水期ρ(OCPs)高于丰水期;同时西南部三江水体中ρ(OCPs)最高.地表水中同时期的ρ(DDTs)高于ρ(HCHs),且地表水中ρ(DDTs)呈现季节性分块分布,DDTs组成随季节而变化.海水中ρ(OCPs)分布规律为内外交接处＞外港＞内港.地表水和海水中有机氯农药组成不同,地表水中有机氯农药是海水中有机氯农药来源之一.与国内外河流相比较,研究区地表水有机氯农药含量处于中低水平.      

基于水动力数值模型的港口规划累积影响评价

累积影响评价是战略环境评价的主要方法和重要内容之一,但目前还缺乏通用的评价程序和方法.通过识别港口规划的累积影响源和途径,建立了基于水动力数值模型的累积影响评价的量化评估和分析框架.以厦门港嵩屿港区规划为例,通过对海湾纳潮量及各敏感点流速的模拟,计算淤积量及其分布变化,进而推测海域水质和底质变化,并分析了由此引起的海洋生物群落的变化趋势.通过比较不同岸线方案的累积影响,为港区岸线优选提供了科学判据.实践表明,该方法框架综合运用定量预测和定性分析手段,其结果能为港口规划的战略环境评价提供科学依据.     

Bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in harbor seals from the northwest Atlantic

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed in blubber of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) collected between 1991 and 2005 along the northwest Atlantic. ∑PBDE concentrations (mono- to hexa-BDEs) detected in blubber samples (n = 42) ranged from 80 to 25 720 ng g⁻¹ lw, (overall mean 2403 ± 5406 ng g⁻¹ lw). By age, mean ∑PBDE concentrations were: 3645 ± 7388, 2945 ± 5995, 1385 ± 1265, and 326 ± 193 ng g⁻¹ lw in pups, yearlings, adult males, and adult females, respectively. Unlike the trend for PCBs, no decreasing gradient from urban to rural/remote areas was observed for PBDEs in these samples, likely reflecting inputs from local sources. No significant temporal trend was observed for PBDEs in harbor seals between 1991 and 2005, although congener profiles shifted over time. Tetra-BDE-47 was the dominant congener, followed by BDEs-99, -100, -153, -154, and -155 in varying order, suggesting exposure to the penta-BDE product. In adult males, the hexa-BDEs contributed more to the total (22%) than BDEs-99 and -100 (14%), and concentrations of BDE-155 were elevated compared with -154. Higher BDEs were detected in a subset of seals (n = 12) including hepta-BDE-183, the marker for the octa-BDE mixture, and octa-BDE-197, along with several unidentified hepta- and octa- congeners. BDE-209 was detected in seal blubber at concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 8 ng g⁻¹ lw, indicating that deca-BDE is bioavailable in this marine food web. This is the first study to document the accumulation of BDE-209 at measurable levels in wild harbor seals. While the PBDE patterns in blubber indicate exposure to all three BDE commercial mixtures, the data also suggest that BDE-209 debromination by seal prey fish may contribute to the loading of lower brominated congeners (hexa- to octa-BDEs) in these seals.     

香港吐露港地区河流水质管理效果研究

为探讨香港水质管理的措施及效果,本文对香港吐露港地区5条河流10个监测点1985—2014年的地表水质数据进行分析,观察水体整治管理前后污染物浓度的变化。结果表明:10个监测点的氨氮、BOD_5、COD和TP的浓度均逐年下降,上下游共同努力,使各项污染物得到很大程度的削减,并且治理前后的浓度存在明显统计学差异(p0.05),且治理之后各项污染物年均浓度趋于平稳,达到标准以内。由此可以看出,香港地区水质管理效果的显著与其所实施的《水污染管制条例》、禽畜饲养禁制区设立与吐露港及牛尾海污水收集整体计划密不可分。随着国务院颁布的《水污染防治行动计划》的施行,香港吐露港地区治理的措施可为我国现阶段黑臭水体整治工作所借鉴。     

Simulation of Surface Water for Un‐Gauged Areas with Storage‐Attenuation Wetlands1

Abstract: A nontraditional application of the Hydrological Simulation Program – FORTRAN (HSPF) model to simulate freshwater discharge to upper Charlotte Harbor along Florida’s west coast was performed. This application was different from traditional HSPF applications in three ways. First, the domain of the model was defined based on the hydraulic characteristics of the landforms using small distributed parameter discretization. Second, broad wetland land forms, representing more than 20% of this area, were simulated as reaches with storage‐attenuation characteristics and not as pervious land segments (PERLNDs). Finally, the reach flow‐tables (F‐Tables) were configured in a unique way to be calibrated representing the uncertainty of the storage‐attenuation process. Characterizing wetlands as hydrography elements allows flow from the wetlands to be treated as a stage‐dependent flux. The study was conducted for the un‐gauged portion of the Peace and Myakka rivers in west‐central Florida. Due to low gradient tidal influences, a large portion of the basin is un‐gauged. The objective of this study was to simulate stream flow discharges and to estimate freshwater inflow from these un‐gauged areas to upper Charlotte Harbor. Two local gauging stations were located within the model domain and were used for calibration. Another gauge with a shorter period of record was used for verification. A set of global hydrologic parameters were selected and tested using the parameter optimization software (PEST) during the calibration. Model results were evaluated using PEST and well‐known statistical indices. The correlation coefficients were very high (0.899 and 0.825) for the two calibration stations. Further testing of this approach appears warranted for watersheds with significant wetlands coverage.     

待开发区域的主导产业选择思路研究——以营口经济技术开发区为例

从区域经济发展的角度出发,系统研究待开发区域主导产业选择的基本思路.依据主导产业选择原则(发展基础原则、战略分工原则、区域适宜性原则),通过比较研究确定区域发展的产业方向,构建区域主导产业选择的指标体系,采用AHP分析方法对指标进行衡量,最终得出主导产业推荐方案.同时,对营口经济技术开发区进行实证研究,运用上述方法选择适合该区域发展的产业为:港口物流业、冶金钢材业、输变电设备制造业、重型装备制造业、电子信息业和休闲旅游业.本研究为我国待开发区域的主导产业选择提供了一种新思路,其实证分析结果也为营口经济技术开发区的主导产业选择提供了科学依据.     

岩溶山区表土中7Be、137Cs、226Ra和228Ra的地球化学相分配及其侵蚀示踪意义

利用ＧＣ－ＭＳ定性及ＧＣ－ＦＩＤ定量，测定了１９９３年１１月采自厦门西海域８个站位的表层沉积物样品。应用模糊聚类的方法，结合献资料，对甾醇的指标作用进行了探讨；利用聚类结果去除少量不合理数据，将甾醇划为３类，其在海域中的分布各有特点；Ａ类甾醇带有经处理过的污水的特征，表现出从厦门市最大生活污排污口向四周扩散的过程；