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101.
Rice WE 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2004,99(1-3):251-257
A sub-surface desert water harvester was constructed in the sagebrush steppe habitat of south-central Idaho, U.S.A. The desert
water harvester utilizes a buried micro-catchment and three buried storage tanks to augment water for wildlife during the
dry season. In this region, mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranges between about 150–250 mm (6″–10″), 70% of which falls during
the cold season, November to May. Mid-summer through early autumn, June through October, is the dry portion of the year. During
this period, the sub-surface water harvester provides supplemental water for wildlife for 30–90 days, depending upon the precipitation
that year. The desert water harvester is constructed with commonly available, “over the counter” materials. The micro-catchment
is made of a square-shaped, 20 mL. “PERMALON” polyethylene pond liner (approximately 22.9 m × 22.9 m = 523 m2) buried at a depth of about 60 cm. A PVC pipe connects the harvester with two storage tanks and a drinking trough. The total
capacity of the water harvester is about 4777 L (1262 U.S. gallons) which includes three underground storage tanks, a trough
and pipes. The drinking trough is refined with an access ramp for birds and small animals. The technology is simple, cheap,
and durable and can be adapted to other uses, e.g. drip irrigation, short-term water for small livestock, poultry farming
etc. The desert water harvester can be used to concentrate and collect water from precipitation and run-off in semi-arid and
arid regions. Water harvested in such a relatively small area will not impact the ground water table but it should help to
grow small areas of crops or vegetables to aid villagers in self-sufficiency. 相似文献
102.
使用CTL—12型化学需氧量速测仪分析废水化学需氧量,简便、快速,且方法可行,完全能满足环境监测技术要求。 相似文献
103.
膜、柱串联固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中多环芳烃(PAHs)的研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
建立了用膜-柱串联固相萃取(SPE)技术,甲醇和水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外和荧光检测器串联的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析水中EPA优先监控的16种PAHs的方法. 相似文献
104.
Kakulu SE 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,89(3):233-242
Cadmium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc concentrations were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in surface soil and tree bark from different districts of Abuja, Nigeria, in order to determine the atmospheric trace metal input in the area.Elevated concentrations of some of the studied metals were observed in the soil and tree bark samples from the commercial/high traffic areas of the city compared to backgroundvalues. In soil samples, the average concentration of the metals were 0.6±0.4, 18.0±4.0, 281±39, 16±4 and66±23 g g-1 dry weight for Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn, respectively, whilst the average concentrations in tree bark were 0.3±0.2, 12±4, 133±32, 13±3 and 61±10 g g-1 dry weight for Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn, respectively. The trend in trace metal levels suggested that automobile emissions are a major source of these metals as the highest concentrations of Pb and Zn were recorded in the commercial areas of the city known for their high traffic densities. The levels of metal in the study area were relativelylow compared to levels found in some larger and older cities in various countries worldwide. 相似文献
105.
渤海大气气溶胶元素组成及物源分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
利用电感耦合等离子体-光发射光谱法(ICP-OES)分析了2000年夏季渤海大气气溶胶样品,给出了渤海气溶胶污染物浓度分布特点,结合气象资料和富集因子进行了元素物源分析.分析结果表明,辽东湾的污染程度高于其他海区,气溶胶中含量最高的元素是Zn(1638ng/m3),含量最低的是V(2ng/m3).渤海气溶胶中Pb、Zn、Cu和Ni等具有较高的富集因子.辽东湾Pb的富集因子达4000以上,Zn的富集因子普遍大于其他海区.Pb、Mn、Cu、V等含量的相对大小与同期北京的分析结果一致.综合分析表明,渤海大气严重受到陆地人为排放污染物的影响. 相似文献
106.
大连市区大气气溶胶的无机化学特征分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过对大连市的两个采样点从2002年4月至12月三个期间的气溶胶的三种粒径的采样分析,结果表明,大连市区气溶胶中PM10质量浓度约占TSP的50%,PM2.5质量浓度约占TSP的30%;8种可溶性离子在不同粒径气溶胶中所占的比例,随着粒径的减小而增大,冬季的SO42-、NO3-、NH4 在各种粒子中含量高于夏季,沙尘暴期间各种可溶性离子在不同粒径颗粒物中的含量较低;11种常见元素在细粒子中的含量比粗粒子中的含量高,春季各种粒子中的元素含量要高于冬季. 相似文献
107.
Butter (45) and ghee (55) samples were collected from rural and urban areas of cotton growing belt of Haryana and analysed for detecting the residues of organochlorine, synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides. The estimation was carried out by using multi residue analytical technique employing GC-ECD and GC-NPD systems equipped with capillary columns. Butter samples were comparatively more contaminated (97%) than ghee (94%), showing more contamination with organochlorine insecticides from urban samples. About 11% samples of butter showed endosulfan residues above MRL value and 2% samples had residues of synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates each above their respective MRL values. In ghee, residues of HCH & DDT both and of endosulfan exceeded the MRL values in 5 and 20% samples, respectively. Among organophosphates, only chlorpyriphos was detected with 9% samples showing its residue above MRL value. Irrespective of contamination levels, residues above the MRL values were more in ghee. More extensive study covering other agricultural regions/zones of Haryana has been suggested to know the overall scenario of contamination of milk products. 相似文献
108.
Atmospheric aerosols are an important contributing factor to turbidity in urban areas besides having impact on health. Aerosol characteristics show a high degree of variability in space and time as anthropogenic share of total aerosol loading is quite substantial and is essential to monitor the aerosol features over long time scales. In the present study extensive observations of columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD), total columnar ozone (TCO) and precipitable water content (PWC) have been carried over a tropical urban city of Hyderabad, India. Significant variations of AOD have been observed during course of the day with low values of AOD during morning and evening hours and high values during afternoon hours. Spectral variation of AOD exhibits high AOD at smaller wavelengths and vice versa except a slight enhancement in AOD at 500 nm. Anomalies in AOD, particulate matter and black carbon concentrations have been observed during May, 2003. Back trajectory analysis of air mass during these episodes suggested variation in air mass trajectories. Analysis of the results suggests that air trajectories from land region north of study area cause high loading of atmospheric aerosols. The results are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
109.
Bhanarkar AD Srivastava A Joseph AE Kumar R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,109(1-3):73-80
Air pollution in the workplace environment due to industrial operation have been found to cause serious occupational health
hazard. Similarly, heat stress is still most neglected occupational hazard in the tropical and subtropical countries like
India. The hot climate augments the heat exposure close to sources like furnaces. In this study an attempt is made to assess
air pollution and heat exposure levels to workers in the workplace environment in glass manufacturing unit located in the
State of Gujarat, India. Samples for workplace air quality were collected for SPM, SO2, NO2 and CO2 at eight locations. Results of workplace air quality showed 8-hourly average concentrations of SPM: 165–9118 μg/m3, SO2: 6–9 μg/m3 and NO2: 5–42 μg/m3, which were below the threshold limit values of workplace environment. The level of CO2 in workplace air of the plant was found to be in the range 827–2886 μg/m3, which was below TLV but much higher than the normal concentration for CO2 in the air (585 mg/m3). Indoor heat exposure was studied near the furnace and at various locations in an industrial complex for glass manufacturing.
The heat exposure parameters including the air temperature, the wet bulb temperature, and the globe parameters were measured.
The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), an indicator of heat, exceeded ACGIH TLVs limits most of the time at all the locations
in workplace areas. The recommended duration of work and rest have also been estimated. 相似文献
110.