确定不同保证率下的中国酸沉降临界负荷

在进行中国酸沉降临界负荷区划时 ,通常以 1°× 1°(经纬度 )的网格为单位进行计算 ,难以反映网格内不同生态系统对酸沉降敏感性的差异 .为了便于决策者根据临界负荷确定酸沉降控制对策 ,也为了使 1°× 1°的结果更具代表性和实用性 ,本研究确定了 0 1°× 0 1°网格为单位计算的中国酸沉降临界负荷 ,并在此基础上通过引入保证率的概念 ,得到了一系列与一定的经济技术水平相适应的、允许有一定损失的 1°× 1°的中国酸沉降临界负荷图 .利用累积分布函数 ,本研究还确定了不同保证率下的中国酸沉降超临界负荷分布和各省、市、自治区的酸沉降临界负荷 .     

第二松花江中下游水体邻苯二甲酸酯分布特征

通过采集和分析第二松花江中下游水和底泥样品,探讨了该河段水体中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)含量及其分布特征。结果表明第二松花江中下游水体中PAEs以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)两种为主。水中PAEs总量较高,DBP和DEHP含量均已超过我国地表水标准限值。底泥中PAEs总量与国内外一些河流底泥中的含量相近,但DBP和DEHP含量均已超过了美国华盛顿州的警戒标准。底泥中PAEs含量沿程分布总体上均呈现先增加后减少的特征;水体中PAEs含量及其分布特征主要受流域内工农业活动的影响。     

复合混凝剂处理印染废水

为了处理高浓度、高色度、高COD的印染废水，利用硫酸亚铁、工业废酸和金属下脚料自行配制了复合混凝剂，并将其与聚合双酸铝铁、聚合氯化铝铁、硫酸亚铁对印染废水的混凝效果进行对比。研究表明，复合混凝剂处理印染废水具有成本低、效果好的特点。当硫酸亚铁的投加量为200mg/L，复合混凝剂的投加量为1280mg／L，PAM的用量为2mg／L时，脱色率达94．9％，COD去除率达78．1％，悬浮固体（SS）去除率达90．9％。     

海绵铁预处理DSD酸废水的研究

用铁泥废渣制备水处理材料海绵铁,研究含碳球团直接还原的金属化率与还原时间,温度和铁泥粒度之间的关系,得到含碳球团制备海绵铁的反应参数。并对海绵铁预处理DSD酸废水的各种影响因素进行了试验研究,确定最佳试验条件;通过试验对海绵铁处理DSD酸废水的机理进行了探讨,确定它是电化学作用、电场作用、絮凝沉淀以及物理吸附等共同作用的结果。试验表明,海绵铁可作为高浓度DSD废水的预处理材料。     

高浓度甲基橙溶液的低压湿式催化氧化处理

以高浓度甲基橙溶液模拟偶氮染料废水,采用低压湿式催化氧化法(LPWCO)进行处理,考察了H2O2投量、温度、FeSO4投量、硫酸浓度、甲基橙浓度等因素对甲基橙脱色率的影响。结果表明,LPWCO法能有效地使高浓度(大于400mg/L)甲基橙溶液脱色,脱色率大于95%,而H2O2投量不到Fenton法的5%。     

Adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid onto hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents

Both bottle-point and column-feeding experiments involving different solutes and sorbents were carried out to investigate the adsorption selectivity and separation performance of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid. Their adsorption isotherms onto such hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents as NDA-100 and NDA-99 could be well described by the Freundlich equations whose characteristics describe extrathermic and favorable adsorption processes. The adsorption towards NDA-100 mainly depended on the π-π interaction, while that towards NDA-99 was extremely influenced by the static-electric interaction. Additionally, the adsorptive capacity of salicylic acid on NDA-99 decreased while it increased on NDA-100 with the presence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment as the competitive component. Comparatively, the adsorption capacity of 5-sulfosalicylic acid decreased on both resins with salicylic acid as the competitive component. In fact, the difference in the interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate resulted in the straight antagonism on the effective adsorption sites on the adsorbent. In conclusion, the adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid onto NDA-100 was obviously larger than that onto NDA-99 with the existence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment. A satisfactory separation and recovery of tested solutes in aqueous phase could be foreseeably achieved by the sequencing adsorption technique involving NDA-100 as well as NDA-99. Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2005, 27(8): 570–574 [译自: 环境污染与防治]     

水－油－表面活性剂体系中油含量测量方法的改进

应用原地灌注表面活性剂溶液法去除地下水系统中包气带石油类污染，建立了测定水－油－表面活性剂体系中油含量的方法，第一次提出采用单宁酸沉淀脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚以去除其对油含量测定的干扰，并成功地应用于清除地下水石油污染的表面活性剂优选实验当中。     

合成水滑石治理水体阴离子染料污染研究

利用不同层电荷的合成水滑石（层状双氢氧化物）和它们的焙烧态为吸附剂，系统考察了此类材料对于甲基橙染料的吸附保留行为，通过粉末X射线衍射，傅立叶红外和扫描电镜测试说明经水热处理得到的合成水滑石具有良好的结晶度和相纯度．水滑石及其焙烧态对于甲基橙阴离子染料的吸附研究主要采用间歇平衡法实验，吸附体系的电导率变化显示了水滑石的记忆效应，并有可能是焙烧态水滑石再生的动态过程反应低浓度甲基橙在焙烧态水滑石上的吸附实验说明，水滑石层电荷密度对于其焙烧态氧化物吸附低浓度阴离子具有显著的影响。     

Effects of simulated acid rain on cation release in soils of South China

This paper deals with the release of base cations and Al3+ at the treatment with simulated acid rain (SAR) in main soil types collected from South China. Results showed that the amounts of base cations increased obviously when the pH value of simulated acid rain was lower than 3.0 or 3.5. Compared with the leaching of K+ and Na+, the leaching of Ca2+ and Mg2+ was affected by the pH value of SAR. Only when the amounts of base cations leached from soils exceeded the cation exchange capacity, the pH value of leaching solutions decreased sharply and the amounts of released Al3+ increased. The H+ buffering mechanisms, which were affected notonly by the pH values of SAR, but also by the types and solid components of soils, were proposed for the main soils studied.     

酸性矿山废水的处理研究

简要分析了酸性矿山废水的主要污染物及危害,叙述了几种主要的处理技术:中和法、硫化沉淀浮选法、微生物法和人工湿地,并介绍了它们的机理、特点及实验研究和工业应用情况,由此对我国的酸性矿山废水的治理技术进行了前景展望。