基于GFI模型的工业能源强度变动因素分解研究

在前人研究的基础上,核算了2001-2010年天津市34个工业行业的能源强度,利用GFI(Generalized Fisher Index)模型将能源强度的变动分解为技术进步、能源结构和产业结构3个因素.结果表明,从逐年各因素效应的累积值来看,产业结构对天津市能源强度变动的影响最大,其次是能源结构,技术进步的影响较小;在各因素效应值的波动方面,能源结构与技术进步对能源强度变动的影响波动较小,产业结构的影响效应值波动较大.从产业结构的角度来看,天津市2001-2010年重工业产值的增加快于轻工业,二者的差距逐渐加大,这种态势抑制了能源强度的降低;从技术进步的角度来看,由于绿色生产技术的广泛使用,天津市重工业与轻工业的单位产值能源消耗都呈下降趋势.因此,天津市进一步降低能源强度的重点还应该放在产业结构调整方面,发展绿色产业,促进产业升级;同时,不能忽视能源结构和技术进步因素的作用,大力发展绿色能源和新能源,推广清洁生产技术.     

厌氧污泥性质对超声破解效率的影响

超声破解是污泥溶胞-隐性生长处理的一种重要前处理手段,破解效果受到超声条件及污泥性质的影响。以厌氧污泥破解后溶解性化学需氧量的增加值和污泥溶出破解率为评价指标,通过不同性质的厌氧污泥超声破解实验,探讨不同的污泥性质对厌氧污泥破解效果的影响,为厌氧污泥的下一步隐性生长处理提供良好条件。控制在超声频率为20kHz,超声声能密度1.2 W/mL,超声辐照时间20 min的条件下进行破解实验,实验结果表明,污泥的初始温度、pH值和污泥浓度等参数对厌氧污泥破解效率影响较大。     

MM5与CALMET对北京地区风能资源的初步模拟

利用MM5与CALMET模拟了北京地区10、30、50和70 m高度的风速和风功率密度分布，结果表明：各高度层风速与风功率密度的地域分布具有一致性，模拟的风速最大区位于门头沟西北部，而昌平西部、房山北部及延庆西部的风速次之，风速最小区位于顺义和东部城区；风功率密度的模拟显示京西地区和西北部地区的风资源较为丰富，北京东部、东南部和东北部及市区周边的风资源相对较小，开发潜力低。利用3座测风塔和3个气象站风速观测数据对模拟结果进行了初步检验，表明MM5与CALMET基本能模拟出风速的月变化和日变化特征，模拟和观测具有较好相关性，但模式存在对黄草梁和北梁地区模拟结果偏高、对涧沟地区模拟结果偏低的系统性误差，这可能与模拟区域地形复杂及模式自身分辨率不够等有关。     

Assessment of thermodynamics performance with sustainable propulsion indicators of a seaplane engine for different temperatures in the same altitude

Seaplanes have become an important tool along with rapidly developing technology in modern transportation for many countries related to sea. Considering the environmental evaluation for these aircraft, decreasing fossil fuels consumption and energy efficiency are important points for sustainability. For this purpose, in this study, first, the energy and exergy analyses based on the real data of a turboprop engine used in seaplane taken as the reference were performed. Then, new indicators developed for the sustainable propulsion index were examined and evaluated separately. The analyses were made for an altitude of 9000 ft and three different dead state temperatures of ?33°C, ?3°C, and 27°C. According to the analyses, while the average energy efficiencies were found to be 34.7%, 37.8%, and 40.7%, the average exergy efficiencies were found to be 19.24%, 21.25%, and 23.20%, respectively. In addition, the improvement potential due to irreversibility and entropy production for each case was also calculated and the results of the sustainable emission index were found to be very low. At the end of the study, the results were evaluated and some suggestions for the effective use of energy in the seaplanes were made.     

Golden Eagle fatalities and the continental‐scale consequences of local wind‐energy generation

Renewable energy production is expanding rapidly despite mostly unknown environmental effects on wildlife and habitats. We used genetic and stable isotope data collected from Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) killed at the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area (APWRA) in California in demographic models to test hypotheses about the geographic extent and demographic consequences of fatalities caused by renewable energy facilities. Geospatial analyses of δ²H values obtained from feathers showed that ≥25% of these APWRA‐killed eagles were recent immigrants to the population, most from long distances away (>100 km). Data from nuclear genes indicated this subset of immigrant eagles was genetically similar to birds identified as locals from the δ²H data. Demographic models implied that in the face of this mortality, the apparent stability of the local Golden Eagle population was maintained by continental‐scale immigration. These analyses demonstrate that ecosystem management decisions concerning the effects of local‐scale renewable energy can have continental‐scale consequences.     

Fabrication and characterization of electrospun porous cellulose acetate nanofibrous mats incorporated with capric acid as form-stable phase change materials for storing/retrieving thermal energy

Electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous mats incorporated with capric acid was studied to fabricate form-stable phase change materials (PCMs) for storing/retrieving thermal energy. Electrospun CA nanofibrous mats with different porous structures and specific surface areas were firstly prepared through regulating the volume ratio of mixture solvent of acetone/dichloromethane (DCM). Effects of different volume ratio of mixture solvent and mat thickness on the morphological structure, specific surface area, and absorption capacity of CA nanofibrous mats were systematically investigated. The results indicated that CA nanofibrous mats were highly porous on the surface; hence, they were capable of absorbing a large amount of capric acid. The maximum absorption capacity of CA mats via electrospinning with volume ratio of acetone/DCM being 5/5 was ~95.8 wt%, due to its higher specific surface area of ~17.1 m²/g. The specific surface area and capric acid absorption capacity of CA nanofibrous mats increased with the increases of mat thickness. As the thickness of nanofibrous mats increased from 10 to 85 μm, the corresponding specific surface area and capric acid absorption capacity of mats increased respectively from 7.2 to 29.0 m²/g and 92.1 to 98.5%. Morphological structures, as well as the properties of thermal energy storage and thermal insulation of the fabricated form-stable PCMs, were studied by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and measurement of freezing times, respectively. The results indicated that the resulting form-stable PCMs could well maintain their phase transition characteristics and demonstrated great thermal energy storage capability and temperature regulation ability.     

简析绿色产业在威海的振兴及其发展的启示

通过剖析绿色产业的概念及科学内涵，系统地阐述了国内外绿色产业体系构建的特点及进展，详细描述了威海市以绿色能源、节能减排、农村环保、循环经济和生态农业为主导的绿色产业体系，总结了威海市利用区位优势及地理条件，将发展绿色产业与环保模范城市、生态市创建等活动相结合，把绿色产业体系建设纳入国民经济与社会发展规划，采取加大关键技术研究推广力度，加速绿色产业工业园创建等一系列举措推进绿色产业发展，为利用绿色产业发展机遇振兴地区经济提供有益借鉴。     

Global solar radiation and energy yield estimation from photovoltaic power plants for small loads

Daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface and duration of sunshine hours have been determined experimentally for five meteorological stations in Saudi Arabia, namely, Abha, Al-Ahsa, Al-Jouf, Al-Qaisumah, and Wadi Al-Dawaser sites. Five-years of data covering 1998–2002 period have been used. Suitable Angstrom models have been developed for the global solar radiation estimation as a function of the sunshine duration for each respective sites. Daily averages of monthly solar PV power outputs have been determined using the Angstrom models developed. The effect of the PV cell temperature on the PV efficiency has been considered in calculating the PV power output. The annual average PV output energy has been discussed in all five sites for small loads. The minimum and maximum monthly average values of the daily global solar radiation are found to be 12.09 MJ/m²/d and 30.42 MJ/m²/d for Al-Qaisumah and Al-Jouf in the months of December June, respectively. Minimum monthly average sunshine hours of 5.89 hr were observed in Al-Qaisumah in December while a maximum of 12.92 hr in Al-Jouf in the month of June. Shortest range of sunshine hours of 7.33–10.12 hr was recorded at Abha station. Minimum monthly average Solar PV power of 1.59 MJ/m²/day was obtained at Al-Qaisumah in the month of December and a maximum of 3.39 MJ/m²/day at Al-Jouf in June. The annual PV energy output was found to be 276.04 kWh/m², 257.36 kWh/m², 256.75 kWh/m², 245.44 kWh/m², and 270.95 kWh/m² at Abha, Al-Ahsa, Al-Jouf, Al-Qaisumah, and Wadi Al-Dawaser stations, respectively. It is found that the Abha site yields the highest solar PV energy among the five sites considered.     

The effect of plasma components on hemoglobin release test in red blood cells (RBC)

Electrophoresis release test (ERT) was established by our lab to observe the re-released hemoglobin (Hb) from red blood cells (RBCs) and whole blood. In this study, ERT was performed to study the effects of different plasma components including plasma, serum, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, glucose, amino acid, vitamin, insulin, hormone, and inorganic ions on re-released Hb from RBC and whole blood samples during ERT. The results showed that plasma, serum, albumin, globulin, compound amino acid, essential amino acid, vitamin C, insulin, hormone, NaCl, KCl, CaCl₂, and NaHCO₃^? decreased re-released RBC Hb; while glucose, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and vitamin B12 elevated re-released RBC Hb. The differing effects of various plasma components on re-released Hb of RBC may play a significant role in blood conservation.     

CFD analysis on the performance of a solar chimney power plant system: Case study in Algeria

The solar chimney power plant (SCPP) is a power generator which uses solar radiation to increase the internal energy of the air circulating in the system, thereby transforming the useful gain of the solar collector into kinetic energy. The produced kinetic energy then can be converted into electrical energy by means of an appropriate turbine. In this paper, four locations in Algeria

(Constantine, Ouargla, Adrar, and Tamanrasset) were considered as case studies to describe the SCPP mechanism in detail. Numerical simulation of an SCPP which has the same geometrical dimensions was performed to estimate the power output of SCPP in these regions. Using the CFD software FLUENT we simulated a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of a SCPP with the standard k-ε turbulence model. The simulation results show that the highest power output produced monthly average value 68–73 KW over the year and the highest hourly power produced in June is around 109–113 KW.